Unit 8 Topic 1: Motions and models/Kepler's Laws

A photograph showing circular star trails is evidence that the Earth

• rotates on its axis

• revolves around the sun

• has a nearly circular orbit

• has a nearly spherical shape

The diagram shows an instrument made from a drinking straw, protractor, string and rock. This instrument was most likely used to measure the

• distance to a star

• altitude of a star

• mass of the Earth

• mass of the suspended weight

How would a three-hour time exposure photograph of stars in the northern sky appear if the Earth did not rotate?

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-1

The diagram represents a Foucault pendulum in a building in New York State. Points A and A' are fixed points on the floor. As the pendulum swings for six hours, it will

• appear to change position because of Earth's rotation

• appear to change position because of Earth's revolution

• continue to swing between A and A' because of inertia

• continue to swing between A and A' because of air pressure

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-1

Diagram II shows two pegs tipped over by the swinging pendulum at the beginning of the demonstration. Which diagram shows the pattern of standing pegs and fallen pegs after several hours?

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The predictable change in the direction of swing of a Foucault pendulum provides evidence that

• Sun rotates on its axis

• Sun revolves around the Earth

• Earth rotates on its axis

• Earth revolves around the Sun

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-1

Areas within a time zone generally keep the same standard clock time. In degrees of longitude, approximately how wide is one standard time zone?

• 7 1/2 degrees

• 15 degrees

• 23 1/2 degrees

• 30 degrees

In which type of model are the Sun, other stars, and the Moon in orbit around the Earth?

• heliocentric model

• tetrahedral model

• concentric model

• geocentric model

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-1

Which diagram best represents a heliocentric model of a portion of the solar system? [Key: E = Earth, P = Planet, S = Sun diagrams are not drawn to scale]

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-1

NGSS.MS-ESS1-2

The Earth's orbit around the Sun is best described as

• a perfect circle

• an oblate spheroid

• a very eccentric ellipse

• a slightly eccentric ellipse

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-1

NGSS.MS-ESS1-2