Chapter 1: The Evolution of Psychology

For which of the following is William Wundt primarily known?

• The establishment of the first formal laboratory for research in psychology

• The distinction between mind and body as two separate entities

• The discovery of how signals are conducted along nerves in the body

• The development of the first formal program for training in psychotherapy

Which of the following approaches might William James criticize for examining a movie frame by frame instead of seeing the motion in the motion picture?

• Structalism

• Functionalism

• Dualism

• Humanism

Which of the following is a statement with which Skinner's followers would agree?

• Most behavior is controlled by unconscious forces

• The goal of behavior is self-actualization

• Nature is more influential than nurture

• Free will is an illusion

Introspection, a research tool used by early psychologists, is a technique which involves

• correlational analyses

• machines designed for cognitive analysis

• survey methodology

• self-examination of mental processes

Which of the following has the most optimistic view of human nature?

• Humanism

• Behaviorism

• Psychoanalysis

• Structuralism

________________ psychology focuses on principles of learning in the scientific study of observable behavior.

• Clinical

• Cognitive

• Behavioral

• Psychodynamic

Who is the founder of psychoanalysis?

• Sigmund Freud
• Abraham Maslow
• Ivan Pavlov
• B.F. Skinner

Which psychological perspective focuses on optimal human functioning and the factors that allow individuals and communities to thrive?

• Evolutionary
• Humanistic
• Positive Psychology
• Psychodynamic

Which subfield of psychology is the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another?

• educational
• social
• human factors
• counseling

In explaining human behavior, psychoanalysts are likely to focus on ________, whereas humanistic psychologists concentrate on ________.

• evolved functions of our thoughts and feelings; self-reports of immediate physical sensations
  
• observable behavior; the way we perceive, process, and remember information
  
• childhood experiences and unconscious thought processes; current environmental influences on potential
• introspective reports of immediate sensations; empirical research relying on observation and experimentation