Africa Unit test review

Which statement best explains how the Sahara Desert affected development in Africa?

• It provided fertile farmlands that attracted dense cities

• It created travel barriers that limited contact and trade

• It encouraged easy north–south trade routes across dunes

• It supplied timber resources that funded strong industries

Which river feature most limited ships from traveling far inland in Africa during the 1800s?

• Wide deltas with slow currents

• Waterfalls and rapids on major rivers

• Shallow sandbanks near river mouths

• Seasonal flooding of river valleys

Fill in the blank: The late‑1800s competition among European powers for African territory is commonly called the (a)   .

Why did the Berlin Conference lead to long‑term tensions within many African countries?

• Borders were left unchanged from precolonial kingdoms

• Borders were negotiated by African leaders primarily

• Borders followed ethnic and cultural lines carefully

• Borders were drawn for European interests only

Which economic goal best describes European colonial policy in Africa during the Scramble for Africa?

• Developing local industries for African markets

• Investing heavily in widespread education systems

• Extracting raw materials for European factories

• Protecting indigenous trade networks from change

A planner in 1900 wants to build a trade city in Central Africa despite dense rainforest and unnavigable rivers. Which combination of strategies is most reasonable to overcome geographic barriers?

• Wait for deserts to shrink and forests thin

• Construct rail lines and roads to bypass rapids

• Rely solely on river barges and ignore roads

• Move the city deep in rainforest to avoid trade

Which long-term problem was caused by colonial borders drawn without considering ethnic groups?

• Frequent civil conflicts within new nations

• Rapid industrial growth across regions

• Immediate independence with stable governance

• Unified languages reducing local diversity

Apartheid in South Africa was a system that

• encouraged multicultural rights and inclusion

• enforced racial segregation through government laws

• expanded voting rights for all citizens equally

• abolished separation in schools and housing

Who spent 27 years in prison and later became South Africa’s first Black president in 1994?

(a)   ​ ​

Which outcome best explains a social effect of apartheid that still persists today?

• Enduring economic inequality and social divisions

• Decline in discrimination and improved equity

• Equal access to wealth and higher education

• Immediate reconciliation and uniform prosperity