AP PSYCH 1. Methods & History/ Testing & Indiv Diff

Behaviorists dismissed the value of

• science.
  
• introspection.
• spaced practice.
• neuroscience.
  

Contemporary psychology is best defined as the scientific study of

• thoughts, feelings, and perceptions.
• behavior and mental processes.
• conscious and unconscious mental activity.
• observable responses to the environment.

Psychoanalytic psychology focuses mainly on:

• rewards and punishments

• self-esteem and self-actualization

• biology and genetics

• internal conflict and unconscious desires

• sensation and perception

Arguments as to whether psychological differences between men and women result from biological or social influences most clearly involve a debate over the issue of

• evolution versus natural selection.
  
• continuous versus non-continuous.
• structuralism versus functionalism.
• nature versus nurture.

How do cognitive approaches to learning differ from traditional behaviorist explanations? 

• Cognitive psychologists focus on the changes in neural networks that result from learning. 
• Cognitive psychologists try to explain learning from an evolutionary perspective. 
• Cognitive psychologists believe that learning involves some sort of thinking. 
• Cognitive psychologists believe that researchers should only focus on observable behaviors. 

Marnie is handed a teddy bear and begins to describe what she is experiencing:"This is brown. It is soft. It is wearing a red bow."
What historic research technique is she using? 

• Introspection
• Psychoanalysis
• Dualism
• Structuralism 

Functionalism was a school of psychology that focused attention on the

• struggles with unconscious drives and conflicts.

• adaptive value of conscious thoughts and emotions.

• treatment of psychological disorders.

Charles Darwin proposed that natural selection leads to the development of characteristics most suited to the survival and reproduction of a species.
His theory has most influenced which branch of Psychology? 

• Humanism
• Evolutionary psychology. 
• Cognitive psychology. 
• Behaviorism.

Humanistic psychologists focused attention on the importance of people's

• childhood memories.
• genetic predispositions.
• unconscious thought processes.
• potential for healthy growth.

Involves studying different age groups at the same time to see changes that occur over the lifespan.

• Cross-sectional method

• Longitudinal method

• Survey

• Naturalistic observation