OSE 2 Review

What was the Homestead Act, and why was it passed?

• A federal policy that granted 160 acres of western land to settlers who improved it for five years to encourage westward expansion

• A federal law that sold city factory lots to immigrants to promote urbanization and the growth of textiles

• A state program that provided free railroad tickets to move families east to coastal cities

• A federal conservation policy that created national parks to stop settlement on the Great Plains

Which of the following are adaptations homesteaders used to live more easily in the Great Plains? Select all that apply.

• Steel plow to make it easier to dig and plant

• Sod houses when lumber was scarce

• Tractors to make planting easier

• Irrigation to bring water in a dry climate

• Mechanical reaper to harvest crops more efficiently

What group grew because of the issues in the workplace during the Gilded Age, and what is one example of their achievements during the Progressive Era?

• Labor unions; they achieved higher pay, shorter hours, and safer working conditions through collective bargaining

• Political machines; they eliminated all factory accidents by hiring more police

• Monopolies; they raised prices to increase profits and fund worker pensions

• Settlement houses; they replaced unions by negotiating ownership stakes for workers

The government created much more legislation during the Progressive Era. Match each piece of legislation/regulation to its primary purpose.

• First federal attempt to regulate railroads and prevent overcharging, especially of small farmers

• Interstate Commerce Act/Commission

• Allowed government to break up monopolies and encourage competition

• Sherman Anti-Trust Act

• Placed the federal government in charge of rules for what can go in food and medicine (later became the FDA)

• Meat Inspection Act

• Ended the spoils system and created a merit system requiring qualifications for government jobs

• Pendleton Act

• Established rules and inspections for meatpacking plants to ensure compliance

• Pure Food and Drug Act

Explain the purpose of each of the Progressive Amendments below by matching the amendment to its purpose.

• Established Prohibition by making alcohol illegal (a goal of the Temperance Movement)

• 18th Amendment

• Created a federal income tax to help pay for Progressive Era programs

• 16th Amendment

• Granted women the right to vote (women’s suffrage)

• 17th Amendment

• Provided for the direct election of senators, giving citizens more say in government

• 19th Amendment

What was the goal of the Open Door Policy regarding China?

• To divide China into exclusive colonial territories

• To establish a military alliance to defend China

• To secure equal trading rights for all nations in China

• To close Chinese ports to foreign trade

Which of the following are true about the Panama Canal? Select all that apply!

• Its main purpose was to shorten travel between the Atlantic and Pacific

• It was built under President Theodore Roosevelt

• It was justified using Big Stick diplomacy/Roosevelt Corollary

• Its main purpose was to connect the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico

• It was built under President Woodrow Wilson

Match each long‑term cause of World War I with its description.

• Building up a nation’s military beyond what is necessary

• Nationalism

• Stronger countries take over weaker territories, creating competition

• Alliances

• Belief that one’s nation is superior to others

• Imperialism

• A union formed for mutual defense if one member is attacked

• Militarism

What single event is commonly identified as the immediate spark that set off World War I?

• The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

• Germany’s invasion of Belgium

• The sinking of the Lusitania

• The Zimmerman Telegram becoming public

Match each factor with how it influenced the U.S. decision to enter World War I.

• Germany’s promise to limit submarine attacks

• Sinking of the Lusitania

• German policy of attacking ships at sea with submarines

• Zimmerman Telegram

• German attack on a British passenger ship that killed Americans

• Sussex Pledge

• German proposal asking Mexico to attack the U.S. with promises of regained territory

• Unrestricted submarine warfare

• Cultural and political alliance with a key Allied nation

• Ties to Great Britain