Studying Space Round 2

Which of the following four fundamental forces of nature affects the motion of the planets as they move around the Sun?

• gravitational force

• weak nuclear force

• strong nuclear force

• electromagnetic force

The diagram depicts Earth, the moon, and the attractive fundamental force between them. Which of the following fundamental forces is represented in the diagram?

• electromagnetic

• gravitational

• strong nuclear

• weak nuclear

An astronaut travels to the planets listed in the table on different space exploration missions. The astronaut’s weight is calculated from the acceleration of gravity multiplied by her mass. The astronaut has a mass of 70 kilograms on Earth. The acceleration of gravity on Earth is 9.81 m/s/s.

Rank the planets in increasing acceleration of gravity.

• Jupiter<Mars<Neptune<Saturn<Venus

• Jupiter<Neptune<Saturn<Venus<Mars

• Mars<Venus<Saturn<Neptune<Jupiter

• Mars<Saturn<Venus<Neptune<Jupiter

Rockets A, B, and C were simultaneously launched from the same launch pad. What is the order of increasing velocity of the rockets from slowest to fastest?

• C → B → A

• B → A → C

• B → C → A

• A → B → C

A team of scientists is planning to measure the distance between several galaxies. Which unit of measurement is best for them to use?

• astronomical units (AU)

• gigameters (Gm)

• light years (ly)

• lunar distance (LD)

Which unit of measure is appropriate to use for the mean distance between Earth and the Sun?

• astronomical unit (AU)

• gigameter (Gm)

• light year (ly)

• parsec (pc)

In 1929, Edwin Hubble observed the velocity at which galaxies were moving away from the Milky Way. The graph shows the relationship between this recession velocity and the distance those galaxies were from the Milky Way. What conclusion can be made from Hubble’s data?

• The farther an object, the faster it is moving away, suggesting that the universe is shrinking.

• The farther an object, the faster it is moving away, suggesting that the universe is expanding.

• The closer an object, the faster it is moving away, suggesting that the universe is expanding.

• The closer an object, the slower it is moving away, suggesting that the universe is shrinking.

A scientist is doing experiments with gravitational force. She obtains an old car to run tests on the impact of the force of gravity between the car and Earth. What could the scientist do if she wants to increase the gravitational force?

• open the doors of the car

• put people in the car

• start the car engine

• take the tires off of the car

Your weight is 490 Newtons, and your mass is 50 kilograms. If you traveled to Earth’s Moon, how would these values change?

• Your weight would stay the same, and your mass would decrease.

• Your weight would increase, and your mass would stay the same.

• Your weight would decrease, and your mass would stay the same.

• Your weight would stay the same, and your mass would increase.

Edwin Hubble observed a particular phenomenon in galaxies outside the Milky Way, leading to the conclusion that these galaxies were moving away from the Milky Way. What scientific principle was Hubble observing?

• parallax

• luminosity

• doppler shifts

• radar ranging