The Hippocampus & Memory

After Henry Molaison (H.M.) cracked his skull when he was young, which symptoms did he suffer?

• memory loss

• seizures

• blackouts

• loss of control of bodily functions

The doctor removed HM's hippocampus, which at that time had an unknown function, in order to research and discover what the hippocampus was all about.

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After Dr. Scoville, the renowned neurologist operated on H.M. and removed his hippocampus, what about Henry stayed nearly the same?

• the number of seizures he suffered

• his IQ

• his personality

• his memory

Brenda Milner, the PhD student sent to study H.M., helped prove:

• Long term and short term memories are in one brain area

• long term and short term memories are stored in different brain areas

• memory is all the same and stored throughout the brain

• memory is monolithic

HM could . . .

• watch the same movie over and over as a new movie each time

• not even remember long enough to finish a sentence

• remember a test he took five minutes before

• remember a number for 15 minutes by repeating it over and over

Declarative memory is different than procedural memory. Declarative memory involves _________ while procedural memory involves _________ .

• riding a bike; remembering a date

• knowing "how;" knowing "that"

• remembering someone's name; signing your name

Milner, using the now famous experiment with the star outline, found that H.M.'s:

• Unconscious motor centers remembered what his conscious mind had forgotten

• Effort did not improve over time

• Conscious mind remembered what his unconscious motor centers could not

• Struggle was less than others who had performed the test before

Brenda Miller's findings

• contributed greatly to the study of memory

• confirmed what scientists already knew about the brain

• proved that knowing and doing are similar

• redefined what memory even meant

HM's brain is the most studied brain in history.

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Even though HM spent his life forgetting, he and his contribution to science will not be forgotten.

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