Social Studies End of Year Review

What did the Fourteenth Amendment establish in the United States?

• that the practice of slavery was illegal

• that the right to vote was held by all men

• that states could not limit the rights of citizens

• that states had the right to secede from the Union

What made the Battle of Gettysburg a turning point in the Civil War?

• The Union victory convinced Great Britain to support the Union.

• The Confederate victory convinced France to support the Confederacy.

• The Confederate victory allowed the Confederacy to capture Union territory.

• The Union victory forced the Confederacy to stop advancing into Union territory.

Which of the following was founded by the US government to provide housing, medical care, and education to former slaves and poor whites in the South during Reconstruction?

• the Freedmen's Bureau

• the Red Cross

• the Tennessee Valley Authority

• the Underground Railroad

How were the Civil War's effects on the North and South different or similar?

• Railroads were destroyed in the North and South and both struggled to recover.

• Reuniting the divided country helped both the North and South quickly recover.

• The North struggled to recover, while the South recovered quickly.

• The South struggled to recover, while the North recovered quickly.

John Brown angered many Southerners because he threatened to change their way of life. How did his actions do so?

• He destroyed railroads that farmers used to ship their crops.

• He wanted to free the slaves, who did much of the work in the South.

• He burned the cotton crops that farmers sold to make a living.

• He attacked the British, who bought most of the cotton grown in the South.

Which geographic features did the Americans use to gain an advantage in the Battle of Saratoga?

• waterways

• forests

• open plains

• rocky slopes

The Oregon Trail played an important role in the growth of the American West. The trail helped settlers travel by wagon through difficult terrain. What physical obstacle did the Oregon Trail help settlers cross?

• the Atlantic Coastal Plain

• the Gulf of Mexico

• the Rocky Mountains

• the St. Lawrence River

The cotton gin lowered the cost of producing raw cotton. How did the use of the cotton gin create a price incentive for manufacturers to produce textiles?

• It raised the cost of raw cotton, allowing textile manufacturers to earn a larger profit.

• It lowered the cost of raw cotton, allowing textile manufacturers to earn a larger profit.

• It lowered the demand for raw cotton, allowing textile manufacturers to earn a larger profit.

• It increased the demand for raw cotton, allowing textile manufacturers to earn a larger profit.

Read the text. Then answer the question that follows.

It is the 1800s. A farmer is deciding what crop to grow on his farm. There are a lot of people that want to buy cotton and tobacco. They are willing to pay high prices for each. It costs more to produce tobacco than cotton. Tobacco also takes longer to grow.

What would help the farmer make the MOST money?

• Specializing in growing cotton

• Specializing in growing tobacco

• Buying cotton from other farmers

• Buying tobacco from other farmers

Select the sentence that shows that the United States has a federal system of government.

• In the United States, people elect others to represent them in government.

• The US Constitution describes the people's rights and protects them from the government.

• Government power is divided between the national and state governments.

• The national government is divided into three branches: the executive, the legislative, and the judicial.