AP Bio Practice Test 2012

Which of the following best describes the function of the co-enzymes NAD+ and FAD in eukaryotic cellular respiration?

• The participate in hydrolysis reactions by accepting protons from water molecules.

• They participate directly in the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP.

• They serve as final electron acceptors in the electron transport chain

• They aid vitamins such as niacin in the break down of glucose.

• They accept electrons during oxidation reduction reactions.

A group of people whose ancestors immigrated to North America 200 years ago have certain allele frequencies that differ significantly from those in surrounding populations in the United States. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the difference in allele frequencies?

• Mutation

• Independent assortment

• Reproductive isolation

• Sex linkage

• Gametic isolation

When the dorsal lip of the blastopore is removed from one developing embryo and successfully implanted into a different location in a second embryo of the same species at the same developmental stage. Which of the following is the most likely result?

• Two neural tubes form in the second embryo.

• Both embryos continue to develop normally.

• The second embryo fails to develop a head.

• The second embryo splits into two almost immediately.

• The tissues derived from mesoderm fail to develop in the second embryo.

Which of the following normally leads to the production of functional messenger RNA in eukaryotic cells?

• A decrease in the rate of ribosome synthesis.

• The removal of portions of RNA known as intervening sequences (introns).

• A decrease in RNA polymerase activity.

• The replication of new messenger RNA molecules from existing messenger RNA molecules.

• The formation of peptide bonds between adjacent nucleotides.

DNA replication occurs

• during the S phase of the cell cycle.

• as the nuclear envelope breaks down in early mitosis.

• during mitosis but not during meiosis

• in animal cells but not in plant cells.

• only in cells destined to become gametes.

An allele on the X chromosome is responsible for the recessive trait of red-green color blindness in humans. The daughter of a women who is color-blind has normal vision and marries a man who is color-blind. This couple has a son. What is the probability that the son will be color-blind?

• 0

• 1/4

• 1/2

• 3/4

• 1

There is strong evidence that two species of cliff-dwelling birds have nested in the same environment and fed in the same water for thousands of years, with each having stable population sizes. Based on this information, which of the following statements is the best conclusion?

• One species is a better diver than the other.

• The two birds compete for food.

• The two birds have different ecological nitches that allow coexistence.

• One species will displace the other.

• One species eat a more diverse diet than the other does.