Module 80: AP Psychology

Putting himself in danger, Nish stood up to the bullies who were beating up Neel in a display of

• assuming responsibility.

• mirror-image perceptions.

• altruism.

• the bystander effect.

• diffusion of responsibility.

A situation in which the conflicting parties, by rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior is known as a

• social trap.

• conflict.

• bystander effect.

• diffusion of responsibility.

• social-responsibility norm.

Lee feels that he cannot understand chemistry, so he gives up on doing the homework or studying for tests. When he fails chemistry he is demonstrating a(n)

• superordinate goal.

• mirror-image perception.

• enemy perception.

• social trap.

• self-fulfilling prophecy.

To a social psychologist, a perceived incompatibility of goals indicates

• social loafing.

• prejudice.

• conflict.

• group polarization.

• the frustration-aggression principle.

After the Greenway family accepted their neighbor's invitation to Thanksgiving dinner, Mrs. Greenway felt obligated to invite the neighbors to Christmas dinner. Mrs. Greenway's sense of obligation most likely resulted from the

• ingroup bias.

• foot-in-the-door phenomenon.

• reciprocity norm.

• fundamental attribution error.

• mere exposure effect.

People are less likely to give aid if an emergency occurs in the presence of many observers. This is known as

• group polarization.

• social loafing.

• the bystander effect.

• the mere exposure effect.

• social facilitation.

According to social exchange theory, altruistic behavior is guided by

• calculations of costs and benefits.

• feelings of social responsibility.

• reciprocity norms.

• family ties.

• self-esteem.

Two classmates ask you to spend a couple of hours helping them prepare for a chemistry test. According to social exchange theory, you would be most likely to help them if

• your parents helped you study for tests when you were younger.

• your classmates are slow learners who really need your help.

• you know you would feel terribly guilty for refusing their request.

• you know that someone else helped them prepare for an earlier test.

• your classmates cannot afford to pay for a private tutor.

Melissa regularly donates blood to an international blood bank simply because she believes she ought to help anyone with a medical need for a blood transfusion. Melissa's altruism best illustrates the impact of

• the reciprocity norm.

• the bystander effect.

• the social-responsibility norm.

• the mere exposure effect.

• the ingroup bias.

If one were to generalize from Muzafer Sherif's study of conflict resolution between two groups of campers, the best way for the United States and China to improve their relationship would be to

• hold highly publicized athletic contests between the two countries.

• minimize their trade and economic exchanges.

• conduct a joint space program designed to land humans on Mars.

• allow citizens of each country the right to freely immigrate to the other country.

• encourage open communication and exchanges of ideas.