Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

In living cells, enzymes act as catalysts, which may reduce the amount of activation energy required for a chemical reaction to occur. In the graphs below, pathway x is a solid line representing the uncatalyzed reaction. The dotted line shows the catalyzed reaction. Which graph best illustrates the changes in a reaction when the catalyst reduces the amount of energy required?

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NGSS.HS-PS1-4

As food travels through the digestive system, it is exposed to a variety of pH levels. The stomach has a pH of 2 due to the presence of hydrochloride acid (HCl), and the small intestine has a pH ranging from 7 to 9. HCl converts pepsinogen into pepsin, an enzyme that digests proteins in the stomach. Which of the following most likely happens to pepsin as it enters the small intestine?

• It becomes inactive.

• It begins to replicate.

• It's shape changes to engulf large proteins.

• It's activity increases to digest more proteins.

The diagram below shows the general structure of an amino acid. Which type of molecule is formed from amino acids?

• lipids

• proteins

• carbohydrates

• nucleic acids

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NGSS.HS-LS1-6

The enzyme lactase will break down the sugar lactose into which of the following components?

• monosaccharides

• nucleic acids

• amino acids

• phospholipids

The diagram below shows the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration and the organelles in which they occur.Which statement describes how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are interrelated?

•  Oxygen is produced during cellular respiration and stored during photosynthesis.
• Carbon dioxide and water released by cellular respiration are used in photosynthesis.
• Photosynthesis releases the energy that is stored during the process of cellular respiration.
•  Glucose is used during cellular respiration to produce food that is broken down during photosynthesis.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7

NGSS.HS-LS2-5

A diagram representing the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration is shown.  The numbered boxes in the diagram represent which of the following?

• 1 - water; 2 - nitrogen
• 1 - nitrogen; 2 - oxygen
• 1 - oxygen; 2 - carbon dioxide
• 1 - carbon dioxide; 2 - water

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NGSS.HS-LS2-5

NGSS.HS-LS2-3

A weightlifter is using heavy weights in short bursts for a competition. Because his muscle cells are not able to take in enough oxygen to make very much ATP the weightlifter begins to get fatigue in his muscles. Which of the following processes is most likely going on in the muscles of the weightlifter as he competes in his event? 

•  As the cells run out of oxygen they switch to anaerobic respiration, which allows the cell to make small amounts of ATP in the absence of oxygen. 
• As the cells run out of oxygen, they die off gradually and the weightlifter's muscles have fewer contracting muscle cells.
• The cells will never run out of oxygen if the weightlifter is breathing.
• As the cells run out of oxygen, they will continue to make the same amount of ATP, since oxygen is not required to make ATP. 

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

NGSS.HS-LS2-3

Two different species of bacteria are examined. Scientists find that species X always produces CO₂ and H₂O during cellular respiration. Species Y always produces ethyl alcohol and CO₂. Which conclusion can be made from these observations? 

•  Only species Y is aerobic.
• Only species Y is anaerobic.
• Both species X and Y are aerobic.
•  Both species X and Y are anaerobic. 

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

NGSS.HS-LS2-3

 Which process do the animals in the food web use to convert energy from food into ATP?

•  cellular respiration
• osmosis
• photosynthesis
•  transcription 

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7

NGSS.HS-LS2-5

If a plant died from lack of food, which structure is most likely missing or damaged? 

• flower
• root
• stem
•  leaves

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-6