Bio 1 18.2 Evolution as Genetic Change

Study the table to see how stick insects of three different body colors survive in different environments. Which statements are supported by the data in the table? Choose three correct answers.

• Stick insects actively choose to live in an environment where they are camouflaged.

• Depending on the environment they live in, the green, brown, or yellow-green stick insects have an advantage over organisms that are easier to detect by predators.

• Stick insects will be less likely to survive and reproduce if they are more visible to predators like the blue jays.

• Depending on the environment they live in, the allele frequency for their body color may decrease or increase over time.

• Stick insects will be more likely to survive and reproduce if they can avoid an environment that matches their body color.

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A beetle species that lives deep inside trees invades a forest where a population of woodpeckers lives. Only woodpeckers with longer beaks are able to reach these beetles and feed on them. The shorter-beaked woodpeckers are at a disadvantage over the longer-beaked ones. Which type of pattern of natural selection of woodpeckers would occur in this scenario?

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Height in humans is an example of a polygenic trait. Which types of natural selection can affect polygenic traits?

I. directional selection

II. disruptive selection

III. stabilizing selection

• I. only

• I. and II. only

• II. and III. only

• I., II., and III.

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In a population of pea plants, 36 plants are homozygous for the dominant trait giving yellow peas (YY), 48 plants are heterozygous for the yellow pea trait (Yy), and 16 plants have green peas (yy). What is the frequency of alleles in this population?

• Y = 0.75; y = 0.25

• Y = 0.50; y = 0.50

• Y = 0.60; y = 0.40

• Y = 0.40; y = 0.60

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Form of natural selection when individuals at one end of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals in the middle or at the other end of the curve

• directional selection

• stabilizing selection

• bottleneck effect

• sexual selection

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Form of natural selection in which individuals near the center of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals at either end of the curve.

• distributive selection

• stabilizing selection

• genetic drift

• genetic equilibrium

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natural selection in which individuals at the upper and lower end of the curve have higher fitness than individuals near the middle of the curve

• disruptive direction

• directional selection

• founder effect

• bottleneck effect

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random change in allele frequency caused by a series of chance occurrences that cause an allele to become more or less common in a population

• genetic drift

• Hardy-Weinberg principle

• gene flow

• stabilizing selection

change in allele frequencies following a dramatic reduction i the size of a population

• sexual selection

• genetic drift

• bottleneck effect

• genetic equilibrium

change in allele frequencies as a result of the migration of a small subgroup of a population

• founder effect

• bottleneck effect

• sexual selection

• Hardy-Weinberg principle

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