Enlightenment and Revolutions Review

The Enlightenment was influenced by all of the following except

• The Renaissance

• Study of ancient Greeks

• The Scientific Revolution

• European Exploration

What belief did Enlightenment thinkers share with the Scientific Revolution?

• Belief in natural rights

• Belief in democracy

• Belief in reason

• Belief in divine right monarchs

The Enlightenment concept of progress —that humans are capable of improving their world—developed from

• Renaissance humanist ideas.

• the Bible.

• Isaac Newton

• Christopher Columbus

“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted [organized] among Men, deriving [getting] their just powers from the consent of the governed, That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends it is the Right of the People to alter or abolish, and to institute new Government…

From The Declaration of Independence

This passage is based mainly on the ideas of which Enlightenment thinker?

• Voltaire

• John Locke

• Adam Smith

• Charles-Louis Montesquieu

Which of the following are John Locke’s natural rights?

• Life, liberty, and property

• The right to create and change laws

• Separation of powers

The U.S. Constitution divides power among 3 branches of government, the president, the Congress, and the courts. This idea of government is based on the ideas of which Enlightenment thinker?

• John Locke

• Denis Diderot

• Mary Wollstonecraft

• Charles-Louis Montesquieu

Which of the following best summarizes Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s idea of popular sovereignty?

• Individual rights should never be denied.

• People should submit to the divine monarchs.

• The majority rules.

• Government should express the will of the people.

According to John Locke, what is the purpose of government?

• To defend, feed, and provide shelter for the people

• To protect the rights and freedom of the people

• To educate and provide meaningful work for the people

• To keep the old social order

Before the Enlightenment, how did the European monarchs hold their positions?

• They asked for votes of confidence from the citizens.

• They thought that God had given them the right to rule

• They asked the pope for his acceptance.

• They sought approval from a council of European leaders.

Monarchs who tried to make the lives of commoners better were called

• Despots.

• Clergymen.

• Dictators.

• enlightened despots.