Chapter 3 Ecology

Which of the following organisms does NOT require sunlight to live?

• algae

• trees

• photosynthetic bacteria

• chemosynthetic bacteria

What are the three kinds of ecological pyramids?

• producer, consumer, and decomposer

• energy, biomass , and numbers

• biotic, abiotic, and nutrient

• energy, nutrient, and trophic

Compared to land, the open oceans

• are nutrient-rich environments

• are rich in silica and iron

• are nutrient-poor environments

• contain unlimited hydrogen

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Which of the following is NOT a basic method used by ecologists to study the living world?

• experimenting

• animal training

• modeling

• observing

Carbon cycles through the biosphere in all of the following processes EXCEPT

• decomposition of plants and animals

• photosynthesis

• transpiration

• burning of fossil fuels

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Which is a biotic factor that affects the size of a population in a specific ecosystem?

• concentration of oxygen in the ecosystem

• number and kinds of predators in the ecosystem

• average temperature of the ecosystem

• type of soil in the ecosystem

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Biogeochemical cycling ensures that

• human activity will have no effect on elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter

• living organisms will not become limited in any one nutrient

• nutrients will be circulated throughout the biosphere

• many nutrients will not reach toxic concentrations in the biosphere

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The total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level is called the

• energy mass

• trophic mass

• organic mass

• biomass

Phosphorus is very important for living things because living organisms need phosphorus to

• make carbohydrates

• perform transpiration

• form DNA and RNA

• cycle energy

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A word that means the same thing as consumer is

• heterotroph

• carbohydrate

• autotroph

• producer