(multiple answers) Which of the following makeup a nation - state? A nation state...(more than 1 option acceptable)

• has the characteristics of (common)history, language, religion, ethnicity, race, political and economic values, etc

• occupies the same (usually contiguous) territory

• has a government that the common population recognize as “theirs,” which makes laws and regulations

• has a government that is expected to defend their population in case of an attack by another government

• refers to organizations that people voluntarily join, usually to defend their interests against the state or express themselves peacefully and non politically

One approach to compare countries is to emphasize ________________ based on factual statements and statistics

• empirical data

• normative statements

• hypohesis

• variables

One approach is to focus on____________________issues that require value judgments.

• normative

• empirical

• correlation

• causation

(2 answers) A speculative statement about the relationship between two or more factors known as ...

• variables

• hypothesis

• causation

• correlation

the idea that one (or more) variable influences another

• causation

• correlation

• dependent variable

• independent variable

In a hypothesis that states that higher poverty levels are caused by lower levels of formal education, what is the independent variable?

• the poverty level

• lower levels of formal education

In a hypothesis that states that higher poverty levels are caused by lower levels of formal education, what is the dependent variable?

• the poverty level

• lower levels of formal education

What is the name of a change in one variable coinciding with a change in the other?

• correlation

• independent variable

• hypothesis

• normative