Correlational studies

How are correlational studies different from experiments?

• causation can be inferred

• causation cannot be inferred

• the variable is manipulated by the researcher

• they are part of qualitative research

How are correlations graphically represented?

• through a model

• through a table

• through a scatter plot

• through box plot

what does a positive correlation demonstrate?

• the tendency for one variable to increase as the other variable increases

• the tendency for one variable to increase as the other variable decreases

• that there is a causal relationship between two variables

• that there is no relationship between two variables

which "correlation coefficient effect size" pairs up with the interpretation "medium"?

• less than 0.10

• 0.30-49

• 0.50 and larger

• 0.10-0.29

What is th e conventional cut-off point for statistical significance?

• 1 %

• 3 %

• 5 %

• 10 %

"Cities with a large number of spa salons also tend to have more criminals". What do we call this limitation to correlational studies?

• the third variable problem

• curvilinear relationships

• spurious correlations

• bias

What does it mean that mean that variables can have curvilinear relationships?

• that there is no relationship between the two variables

• that they need counselling

• that there is a causal relationship between the variables

• that they are linked non-linearly

How can bias occur in correlational studies? (two correct answers)

• on the level of variable measurements

• on the level of interpretation of the findings

• social desirability bias

• dominant responder bias