Civics Pre Test

No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.
Amendment V of the U.S. Constitution
Based on this amendment, under which circumstance can the government detain a citizen without making formal charges?

• when the accused is unable to post bail or secure a bond
• if the accused is a member of the armed services during a war or national crisis
• after the accused has given a sworn statement
• if the accused is a known felon with a criminal record or history of similar crimes

We consider the underlying fallacy . . . If one race be inferior to the other socially, the Constitution of the United States cannot put them upon the same plane.
Justice Henry Brown, 1896
On consideration whereof it is ordered . . . decrees consistent with the opinions of this Court as are necessary and proper to admit to public schools on a racially nondiscriminatory basis with all deliberate speed the parties to this case.
Chief Justice Earl Warren, 1955
How did the ruling in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954) change perceptions of citizenship from the previous ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)? 

• The double standard of segregation was replaced by a single standard for all citizens.
• The residency requirements to become naturalized citizens decreased from fourteen to five years.
• American Indian citizenship no longer required application and government approval.
• Full citizenship for war deserters and felons was restored through amnesty.

The Presidential Election Process
1. Primary Elections
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2. National Nominating Convention
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3. ???????????????
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4. Electoral College Vote
Which step in the presidential election process follows the National Nominating convention and completes this chart?

• presentation
• general election
• plank statement
• inaugural address

A man claims that he paid $450 for a lawn mower he never received. In which court should he sue to collect his money, and who should he bring suit against?

• small claims court, against the seller
• appeals court, against the manufacturer
• superior court, against the Federal Trade Commission
• tax court, against the Internal Revenue Service

Why do responsible consumers use credit or credit cards?

• to make minor purchases without using cash
• to obtain the highest amount of points on a mortgage
• to avoid mortgage insurance when buying a home
• to establish a good credit score for getting a loan

Consumer Purchase Options:
 buy the purchase item by trading an item of equal value
 buy the purchase item using cash from a savings account
 buy the purchase item using cash from a checking account
 buy the purchase item through a credit card transaction
Given the different costs associated with each option above, which should a consumer consider before making a credit card purchase? 

• the length of product availability
• the final cost of the product
• the value of the producer's stock
• the history of the producer's company

The National Do Not Call Registry, dietary supplement guidelines, and the Equal Credit Opportunity Act are examples of which type of protection? 

• Business
• Consumer
• foreclosure
• whistle-blower

How would a retailer in a market economy most likely react to high demand from consumers for a scarce product? 

• by increasing the price of the product
• by decreasing the supply of the product
• by stopping sale of the product
• by asking for government regulation of the product

Which is most likely the result in a market economy if an industry increases investment in the training of workers? 

• decline in revenue
• decline in federal regulation
• increased competition with other industries
• increased productivity for that industry

How could a national economy achieve a favorable balance of trade? 

• by increasing its money supply to surpass a trade deficit
• by meeting its trade quotas with its industrial output
• by importing goods equal in value to its exports
• by exporting more than it imports