Modules 34-35: Thinking & Problem Solving Reading Quiz

Confirmation bias refers to the tendency to:

• Allow preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning
• Cling to one’s initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited
• Search randomly through alternative solutions when problem solving
• Look for information that is consistent with one’s beliefs

The tendency for people to persist in using problem-solving patterns that have worked for them in the past is known as

• top-down processing

• confirmation bias

• creativity

• divergent thinking

• mental set

The ability to produce solutions to problems that are unusual, inventive, novel, and appropriate is called

• creativity

• insight

• heuristics

• latent learning

• algorithmic processing

When asked to think of a bird, many people think of a robin. In this case a Robin is People's _________ for a bird

• Prototype

• Concept

• Creative Idea

• Convergent thinking

• Cognition

A teacher asks students to think of as many uses for a brick as possible. By listing 50 uses, most of which the class finds new and unusual, Susan is displaying

• Computational learning
• Paired-associate learning
• Hypothetical thinking
• Divergent thinking

A methodical Rule or procedure that guarantees a solution to a problem but requires time and effort:

• Algorithim

• Heuristic

• Overconfidence

• Belief Perseverance

• Framing

A good "rule of thumb" is "don't take candy from strangers", so little Julio turns and runs away from the old lady who offered him a piece at the grocery store. This thinking shortcut let Julio think quickly (even if he may have been slightly wrong about the old woman's intentions). This is an example of:

• Algorithim

• Heuristic

• Overconfidence

• Belief Perseverance

• Framing

Bill was shocked when he found out the politician that he voted for had not won last night's election---it is SO clear to him that "his" was the most qualified candidate...surprisingly, the rest of his state disagreed with the accuracy of Bill's beliefs. This is an example of:

• Algorithim

• Heuristic

• Overconfidence

• Belief Perseverance

• Framing

Even though research has overwhelmingly shown that driving and texting causes more vehicular accidents and fatalities a year than does drunk driving, Shannon still believes that she is "good at it" and chooses to ignore those facts. This is an example of:

• Algorithim

• Heuristic

• Overconfidence

• Belief Perseverance

• Framing

When Mitch was interviewed about the fight after school, he was asked how hard was Sam "SLUGGED" when Jake punched him. Kevin was asked how hard was Sam "TAPPED" when Jake fell into him. Mitch reported a MUCH more aggressive fight than Kevin. This wording-influence is an example of:

• Algorithim

• Heuristic

• Overconfidence

• Belief Perseverance

• Framing