APWH P3 2.1-2.3 Silk Roads, Mongols, Indian Ocean - Terms & Vocab

A series of trade networks through Central Asia that linked Europe, Indian, and China through the trade of luxury items while being facilitated by Buddhist monasteries.  

• Gold Roads
• Silk Roads
• Sand Roads
• Sea Roads

An overseas trade network driven by the desire for distant luxury items like silk, ivory, and spices that would force the need for technological breakthroughs like junks, the astrolabe, and the compass.  

• The Columbian Exchange
• The Silk Roads
• Atlantic Triangular Trade
• Indian Ocean Trade 

The Second of the great caliphate dynasties. They built their capital in the cosmopolitan Baghdad and would rule from their until it was sacked by the Mongols in the 1200s.  While their predecessors were famous for expansion (and they expanded too) their legacy is the promotion of the arts and sciences.  

• The Umayyad Caliphate 
• The Abbasid Caliphate 
• The Sassanid Empire
• The Rightly Guided Caliphs

The Empire/Dynasty that would expel the Mongols and their Yuan Dynasty from China and tried to recapture the glory of Song Dynasty China.  Emperor Yongle of this empire sent Zheng He out to try and establish Chinese dominance of the Indian Ocean, but upon the death of Yongle, China went back into its isolationism though Chinese merchants continued to trade in the Indian Ocean. 

• Ming
• Songhay
• Mughal 
• Safavid 

An event in 1258 that marked the end of the Abbasid caliphate at the hands of the Mongols, ending an era of great Islamic cultural growth under the Abbasids.  This is a blow that the Islamic world never really recovered from, and some would argue allowed Europe to catch up culturally.    

• The Sack of Baghdad
• The fall of Constantinople
• The Battle of Ain Jalut 
• The Sack of Novgorod 

The branch of agriculture concerned with the raising of livestock.  On the Steppe's of Eurasia (and North America with the introduction of the horse) it will lead to a highly specialized people with a highly effective nomadic horse culture. 

• Herding
• Nomadism
• Pasturization 
• Pastoralism

The Chinese dynasty made up of a Mongol royal family.  Marco Polo would visit it and write of it's splendor and power, which would encourage other Europeans to find their way to China.  

• Jin Dynasty
• Song Dynasty
• Yuan Dynasty
• Kublai Khanate 

A process of interaction and integration among the people and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by technology.  Many historians argue that while some trans-Eurasian exchange did exist dating back to Roman-Han China times, it was the Mongols who greatly facilitated this process with their conquests.  

• Cross-cultural exchange
• Globalization
• Silk Road Trade
• Khutulun 

Born as Temujin, this historical arsonist would conquer more territory than any other in history through brilliant strategy, merit based military, and brutal tactic and leave a legacy of a more connected world--though it came at a great price.  

• Kublai Khan
• Khutulun 
• Genghis Khan
• Tamerlane 

Also known as the Kipchak Khanate, this branch of the Mongol empire would conquer the Kievan Rus and spark the development of modern Russia.  

• Golden Horde
• IL-Khanate
• Mamaluks
• Xiongnu