Foundations Pharm

The term below helps in toxicology and describes the time concentration profile of a drug:

• area under the curve

• distribution

• effective dose

• antagonist

• lethal dose

An cytochrome enzyme inducer may increase the risk of which of the following in a regular, NON pro-drug?

• increased toxicity risk of a drug metabolized by the same enzyme

• decreased effectiveness of a drug metabolized by the same enzyme

• increased absorption of a drug

• decreased distribution of the drug into adipose tissue

• decreased gut metabolism prior to absorption

If food decreases the overall absorption of a certain drug, which of the below would be the most affected aspect of that drug's pharmacokinetics?

• metabolism

• distribution

• bioavailability

• protein binding to albumin

• renal (kidney) elimination

Compared to intramuscular route, which of the following routes of administration may have < 100% bioavailability but the least volume allowed during administration?

• rectal

• transdermal

• subQ

• a lollipop

• IV

If a drug has a concentration of: 12mg/ml initially, 9mg/ml 2 hours post-dose and 6mg/ml at 4 hours post-dose. What is the half-life below of this medication?

• 1 hour

• 2 hours

• 3 hours

• 4 hours

• 6 hours

An IV (Intravenous) drug infusion where the rate of drug delivery is the same as the rate of drug clearance from the body is referred to as which of the below?

• continuous dosing

• intermittent dosing

• a loading dose

• a lethal dose

• an effective dose

Which of the below would have the least potential for addiction?

• a CIII drug

• a CI drug

• a CII drug

• a category X drug

• a category D drug

A lower potency drug will have which of the below effects?

• Higher relative strength of response

• A higher risk for toxicity

• A lower risk for toxicity

• Lower relative strength of response

• Toxicity is higher than the efficacy

An indirect (or non-competitive) agonist of a receptor will have which of the below effects if a competing substance has increased presence?

• The indirect agonist will have less interaction with the receptor

• The indirect agonist will have more interaction with the receptor

• The indirect agonist effects will be the same if the competition substance increases

• The indirect agonist effects will be decreased if the competition substance increases

• The effect cannot be predicted

Sensitization occurs in which of the below situations?

• reduced pain control to a narcotic after 2 & 1/2 weeks of therapy

• increased response to the same dose of drug after the 5th dose

• decreased effectiveness of nicotine after 12 hours of initial, continuous dosing

• in patients with high clearance by the kidney

• in patients with poor circulation