The Last West & the New South:1865-1900 Chapter 17 AMSCO

"I attended a funeral once in Pickens County in my State .... They buried him in the heart of a pine forest, and yet the pine coffin was imported from Cincinnati. They buried him within touch of an iron mine, and yet the nails in his coffin and the iron in the shovel that dug his grave were imported from Pittsburgh ... The South didn't furnish a thing on earth for that funeral but the corpse and the hole in the ground. There they put him away and the clods rattled down on his coffin, and they buried him in a New York coat and a Boston pair of shoes and a pair of breeches from Chicago and a shirt from Cincinnati, leaving him nothing to carry into the next world with him to remind him of the

country in which he lived, and for which he fought for four years, but the chill of blood in his veins and the marrow in his bones."

-Henry Grady, Editor of the Atlanta Constitution, 1889.

The key idea in the excerpt is that Grady believes

• the Civil War damaged the southern economy

• former Confederate soldiers deserved better treatment

• the secession of the Confederacy was justified

• the South needed to industrialize

Which of the following best demonstrates Henry Grady's vision for the South?

• Birmingham, Alabama, became one of the nation's leading steel

  producers

• Former slaves achieved semi-independence as tenant farmers

• Northern investors controlled three-quarters of southern railroads

• The southern economy remained mainly tied to agriculture

Henry Grady's comments best express the viewpoint of which group of people?

• Advocates of a New South

• Progressives

• Redeemers

• Supporters of Congressional Reconstruction

1. We demand the abolition of national banks.

2. We demand that the government shall establish sub-treasuries or depositories in the several states, which shall loan money direct to the people at a low rate of interest, not to exceed two per cent per annum, on non-perishable farm products, and also upon real estate ....

3. We demand that the amount of the circulating medium be speedily increased to not less than $50 per capita.

5. We condemn the silver bill recently passed by Congress, and demand in lieu there of the free and unlimited coinage of silver.

9. We further demand a removal of the existing heavy tariff tax from the necessities of life, that the poor of our land must have.

10. We further demand a just and equitable system of graduated tax on incomes.

13. We demand that the Congress of the United States submit an amendment to the Constitution providing for the election of United States Senators by direct vote of the people of each state.

-Ocala Platform, December 1890.

The Ocala Platform resulted from a protest movement that primarily involved

• labor unions

• liberal reformers

• northeastern conservatives

• small farmers

The economic reasoning behind the Ocala Platform assumes that

• federal income taxes fell mainly on average working Americans

• large banks had formed a monopoly to lower interest rates

• high tariffs had caused the rise in land prices

• increasing the money supply would increase prices and incomes

The Ocala Platform proved an important link between which of the following groups?

• Radical Republicans and Reconstruction

• Farmer organizations and the Populist movement

• Harrison Republicans and Cleveland Democrats

• Rural and urban Progressive reformers

"The white race deems itself to be the dominant race in this country. And so it is, in prestige, in achievements, in education, in wealth, and in power .... But in the view of the Constitution, in the eye of the law, there is in this country no superior, no dominant, ruling class of citizens. Our Constitution is color-blind and neither knows nor tolerates classes among citizens.

"In respect of civil rights, all citizens are equal before the law. The humblest is the peer of the most powerful. The laws regard man as man and take no account of his surroundings or his color when his civil rights as guaranteed by the supreme law of the land are involved. It is therefore to be regretted that his high tribunal, the final expositor of the fundamental law of the land, has reached the conclusion that it is competent for a state to regulate the enjoyment by citizens of their civil right solely upon the basis of race."

-Supreme Court Justice John Marshall Harlan, dissenting opinion in Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896.

Harlan's opinion goes against the majority opinion on the Supreme Court that

• the 1st Amendment did not protect racist propaganda by the Ku Klux Klan and similar groups

• African Americans were not citizens and could not vote or

  hold office

• Jim Crow laws were a violation of the Constitution

• Facilities could be separated by race

Harlan's opinion was consistent with the beliefs expressed by the

• Supreme Court in the civil rights cases of 1883

• writer W. E. B. Du Bois

• supporters of Jim Crow laws

• supporters of poll tax