AP Psych Unit 1 Exam Review

The first psychological laboratory was established by

• John Watson
• Wilhelm Wundt
• Sigmund Freud
• William James

Which approach is most directly concerned with assessing the relative impact of both nature and nurture on our psychological traits?

• biopsychosocial

• cognitive

• humanistic

• social-cultural

• pyschodynamic

Humanistic psychologists focused attention on the importance of people's

• childhood memories.
• genetic predispositions.
• unconscious thought processes.
• potential for healthy growth.

Behaviorists explain human thought and behavior as a result of

• biological processes

• unconcious thoughts

• natural selection

• past conditioning

The most important reason to use operational definitions in psychological research is it

• assures that the data will be approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB).

• helps everyone involved with the research understand and collect data in the same manner.

• allows the researchers to turn a single-blind study into a double-blind study.

• makes sure that the data is collected in an ethical manner.

All of the following are American Psychological Association ethical guidelines for researchers EXCEPT:

• Participants cannot be placed at significant mental or physical risk.

• Participation must be voluntary.

• Participants must be informed of potential risks.

• Research may not involve deception.

Experimental research differs from correlational research in that experimental research

• defines the strength of the relation

• may reveal a causal relation

• uses a dependent variable

• establishes a mathematical relation

What is the best way to ensure that results of a study are generalizable to a population?

• By making sure to use as many participants as possible

• By using a random selection of people in that population

• By using random assignment

• By making sure the results are significant

The hindsight bias refers to people's tendency to

• dismiss the value of replication.

• assume that correlation proves causation.

• exaggerate their ability to have foreseen the outcome of past events.

• overestimate the extent to which others share their opinions.

In a well-designed research study, a ______ difference means that the results are most likely due to manipulation of the independent variable and not chance.

• statistically significant

• average

• positive

• correlational