PRINCIPLES OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING AND LEARNING

According to the behaviorism, human behavior (including verbal behavior) is dependent on three crucial elements of learning as follows, EXCEPT…

• stimulus, response, and reinforcement

• stimulus, motivation, and environment

• input, exposure, and environment

• motivation, input, and environment

Classroom environment in Audio lingual method is designed in such a way that there is a maximum amount of…

• group work

• role play

• comprehensible input

• mimicry/memorization

The followings are examples of positive reinforcement EXCEPT . . .

• a verbal praise

• a feeling of increased accomplishment

• a good grade

• a mock

Noam Chomsky views that much of language use …

• is imitated behavior (e.g. children from their parents)

• is created a new from underlying knowledge of abstract rules (universal grammar).

• is learned by imitation and repetition

• is due to comprehensible input

Learning according to Cognitivism is characterized by the following features, EXCEPT…

• active

• constructive

• cumulative

• rote

All learning activities in cognitivism should be meaningful. In so doing, the teacher can do the followings, EXCEPT…

• Build on what the students already know

• Help the students relate new material to their life experiences and their previous knowledge

• provide a lot of pattern practices or drills and memorizations

• Use inductive, deductive, or discovery learning procedures

Humanistic principles have important implications for education. According to this approach, the focus of education is . . .

• teaching

• learning

• training

• instruction

According to Nunan, humanistic approach to language teaching has a belief in the primacy of . . . within the learning process.

• rote learning

• affective & emotional factors

• meaningful learning

• drills

Constructivism has the premise that, by reflecting on our experiences, we construct our own understanding of the world we live in. Thus, knowledge must be …

• constructed by the learner

• handed down from generation to generation

• supplied by the teacher

• generated from the learner’s mind

One’s potential development cannot be manifested, if learning stops at object-regulation. It should be manifested by significant others in mediating learning, such as the following, EXCEPT…

• parents

• elders

• environment

• teachers