04 Ch 1 - Correlational Studies, Experiments, Validity of Results

This is a relationship between two variables.

• correlation

• experiments

• cause/effect

• coefficients

This is the number , ranging from -1 to +1, that indicates the strength and direction of a relationship between variables.

• correlation coefficient

• correlation exponent

• positive/negative coefficient

• cause/effect coefficient

This exists when increases in one variable are matched by increases in the other variable.

• positive correlations

• negative correlations

This exists when increases in one variable are matched by decreases in the other variable.

• negative correlations

• positive correlations

Correlations canNOT be used to prove cause and effect relationships.

• TRUE

• FALSE

These are tightly controlled manipulations of variables that allow researchers to determine cause and effect relationships.

• experiments

• surveys

• observations

• correlational studies

This refers to researchers being required to clearly define the variables to be measured.

• operational definitions

• independent clarification

• dependent definitions

• confounding definitions

This is the variable that is deliberately manipulated by the experimenter.

• Independent variable

• Dependent variable

• Experimental variable

• Confounding variable

This is the variable that is measured in an experiment.

• dependent variable

• independent variable

• confounding variable

• experimental variable

These are the subjects in an experiment that are subjected to the independent variable.

• experimental group

• control group