Chapter 1

Vertical and horizontal consolidation allowed industrialists to become so wealthy. This happened because of all of the following EXCEPT:

• This consolidation allowed them to control the market

• This consolidation allowed them to develop monopolies

• This consolidation allowed them to work with labor to improve working conditions

• This consolidation allowed them to set product prices

During the second American Industrial Revolution, industrialists such as John D. Rockefeller and Andrew Carnegie became very wealthy in their respective industries of steel and oil. As industrialists, they benefited from economies of scale. As Carnegie Steel expanded, its cost per item went down; smaller companies were at a disadvantage. Industrialists created monopolies over various industries.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a monopoly?

• Controls the market

• Sets prices

• Eliminates competition

• Lowers prices

In response to monopolies, the government tried to regulate big business by passing...

• The Dodd-Frank Bill

• North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

• The 18th Amendment

• The Sherman Anti-Trust Act

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between industrial leaders and government during the Second Industrial Revolution in the United States?

• The Senate was able to control industrial leaders because they were strong in numbers.

• Industrial leaders had great influence over the government’s economic policies.

• Philanthropic interests by industrial leaders allowed for greater representation by the common man.

• Most government leaders had little interest in business during this time period.

"And while the law (of competition) may be sometimes hard for the individual, it is best for the race, because it ensures the survival of the fittest in every department." -Andrew Carnegie

To which theory is Carnegie, as a prominent businessman during the Industrial Revolution, referring?

• Social Contract

• Time and Motion

• Competition

• Social Darwinism

Who said the following quote? “There is no such thing as a dinner hour; men and women eat while they work, and the ‘day’ is lengthened at both ends far into the night”

• Factory worker

• President

• Industrialist

• Nativist

Who said the following quote? “I can hire one half of the working class to kill the other half”

• Factory worker

• President

• Industrialist

• Nativist

“If any dare to come upon the open field and defend the Gold Standard as a good thing, we shall fight them to the bitter end, having behind us the support of those who honestly toil, and those who are denied their fair reward. We shall answer the demands for a Gold Standard by saying, “You shall not press down upon the brow of labor…this crown of thorns! You shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold!”

Which group of American activists is most accurately portrayed by the quote above?

• Knights of Labor

• American Federation of Labor

• Suffragists

• Populist Party

As the percentage of farm workers decreased from 1860-1900 and the percentage of non-farm workers increased, what would have been the effect on urban populations?

• The population in urban centers increased.

• The population in urban centers decreased.

• The population in rural areas increased.

• The population in rural and urban areas remained the same.

Using your knowledge of history and this document, what factors caused “retrogression” to be associated with the Asian immigrant population?

• Asian immigrants were entering America against their will and were hostile toward American culture.

• Asian immigrants were attempting to change American culture through drastic contrasts in religious practices and traditions.

• Asian immigrants would take American economic progress in a backward direction because they were unskilled laborers and their culture was not widely known.

• Asian immigrants joined forces with American industrial leaders through the development of their own unions.