AP Biology Exam #3

Liver cells manufacture glycoproteins, while adipose cells store fat. Which of the following subcellular structures is likely to be more prominent in liver cells than in adipose cells?

• Nucleus

• Golgi apparatus

• Cytoskeleton

• Plasma membrane

Trypsinogen is split by the enzyme enterokinase to form an activated molecule of the protease trypsin. Which of the following would confirm that the activation of trypsin is an example of how a positive feedback mechanism can amplify a biological process?

• The activated trypsin enzyme can use enterokinase as a substrate

• The trypsin produced by the reaction is capable of splitting and activating additional trypsinogen molecules

• If levels of trypsin were to get too high, the trypsin molecules would inhibit the enzyme enterokinase

• Each mRNA molecule that codes for trypsinogen can be translated repeatedly to form many peptide molecules

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Which of the following statements is true regarding the movement of substances across cell membranes?

• Ions are unable to move through the phospholipid bilayer because the nonpolar tail regions of the phospholipids are hydrophobic

• Ions are able to move through the phospholipid bilayer because the polar head regions of the phospholipids are charged

• Water is able to move through the phospholipid bilayer because the nonpolar tail regions of the phospholipids are charged

• Water is unable to move through the phospholipid bilayer because the polar head regions of the phospholipids are charged

If ATP breakdown (hydrolysis) is inhibited, which of the following types of movement across cell membranes is also inhibited?

• Movement of oxygen into a cell

• Movement of water through aquaporins

• Passage of a solute against its concentration gradient

• facilitated diffusion of a permeable substance

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-5

Which of the following statements most directly supports the claim that different species of organisms use different metabolic strategies to meet their energy requirements for growth, reproduction, and homeostasis?

• During cold periods pond dwelling animals can increase the number of unsaturated fatty acids in their cell membranes while some plants make antifreeze proteins to prevent ice crystal formation in tissues

• Bacteria lack introns while many eukaryotic genes contain many of these intervening sequences

• Carnivores have more teeth that are specialized for ripping food while herbivores have more teeth that are specialized for grinding food.

• Plants generally use starch molecules for storage while animals use glycogen and fats for storage

Proteins can function as (mark all that apply)

• Storage

• Transport

• Defense

• Muscle contraction

A certain type of specialized cell contains an unusually large amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Which of the following functions is this cell type most likely specialized to perform?

• The production and secretion of steroids

• The destruction of toxic materials produced in other cells of the organism

• The synthesis of polysaccharides for energy storage

• The production and secretion of proteins

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

A group of mutations, known as MT-ND1, have been identified in mitochondrial DNA. These mutations are associated with a number of debilitating diseases stemming from the production of nonfunctional proteins in the mitochondria.

Which of the following cellular deficiencies would most likely be related to these MT-ND1 mutations?

• The cell is unable to synthesize most proteins required for normal cell functions.

• The cell is unable to break down toxic materials and would accumulate large volumes of these materials.

• The cell is able to synthesize proteins, but the proteins would not fold properly and would not contain the correct molecular tags for export from the cell.

• The cell is unable to complete reactions related to electron transport and ATP

  ATP production.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

A scientist is studying the various prokaryotic and eukaryotic species found floating in a sample of water taken from a marine ecosystem.

Which cellular component will be found in the widest range of organisms in the sample?

• The chloroplast, since all organisms need a source of energy.

• The ribosome, since all organisms need to synthesize proteins.

• The mitochondrion, since all organisms need to break down glucose.

• The cell wall, since all marine organisms need them for support.

Testosterone is a small steroid hormone that is important in cell signaling. Which of the following indicates where testosterone enters a cell and why it is able to cross at that point?

• 1, because testosterone is nonpolar and can diffuse through the membrane.

• 2, because testosterone covalently binds to a surface protein and transports into the cell.

• 3, because testosterone dissolves in water and flows through the channel.

• 4, because testosterone is filtered out of the extracellular fluid and taken into the cell by endocytosis.