Psychology Chapter 6

Learning is defined as

• any behavior emitted by an organism without being elicited
• A changed in the behavior of the organism
• A relatively permanent change in the behavior of an organism due to experience
• Behavior based on operant rather than respondent conditioning

The gradual disappearance of a conditioned response is

• Modeling 
• extinction
• A token economy 
• Cognitive learning

The sudden recurrence of a conditioned response after extinction has taken place is referred to as 

• relearning
• stimulus discrimination
• stimulus generalization 
• spontaneous recovery

When John turns on the light to his aquarium the fish swim to the top even before he sprinkles the food.  What used to be a neutral stimulus for the fish?

• the food
• the water
• the light
• John

Once Pavlov's dogs learned to salivate to the sound of a bell, the bell was a(n)

• unconditioned stimulus
• neutral stimulus 
• conditioned stimulus
• unconditioned response

Tamara normally feeds her cat canned cat food. She noticed that every time she uses her electric can opener, her cat comes to the kitchen. What is the conditioned stimulus?

• The cat food
• The sound of the electric can opener
• The cat coming to the kitchen
• Tamara

A group of ranchers attempts to discourage coyotes from attacking their sheep by placing a substance on the wool of the sheep that makes coyotes violently ill if they eat it. Very quickly, the coyotes avoid the sheep entirely. In this scenario, what are the UCS, CS, and CR, respectively?

•  The substance, the sheep’s wool, aversion to the sheep
• The sheep’s wool, the substance, aversion to sheep
• Aversion to sheep, the substance, the sheep’s wool

Which of the following is true of classical conditioning?

• UCS produces UCR
• CR produces the CS
• UCR produces the CS
•  CS produces the UCS

Dylan’s mother buys him a sailor’s cap before they go on a family fishing trip. On the boat, Dylan gets nauseated and vomits. Th e next day he gets nauseated just from looking at the sailor’s cap. Th e sailor’s cap has become:

• The unconditioned stimulus
• The conditioned stimulus
• The conditioned response
• The unconditioned response

 Desensitization therapy can best be defined as:

• A conditioning technique that creates an avoidance of certain foods
• A conditioning technique that gradually increases one’s desire to perform a particular behavior
•  A conditioning technique that uses generalization to get people to overcome their fears
• A conditioning technique designed to gradually reduce anxiety about a particular object or situation