Ancient Mediterranean

The depiction of the gigantomachy on the reliefs of the Great Altar of Zeus at Pergamon may have served as an allegory of

• King Attalos’ victory over the Gauls

• Athens’ defeat of Sparta

• Rome’s control over the Mediterranean

• Alexander the Great’s military campaigns

The foreshortening of figures in the Alexander Mosaic likely affected viewers in which of the following ways?

• It reminded viewers of the chaos of everyday life

• It conveyed the climactic moment of a narrative

• It resulted in a detached scene that appeared to occur in the past

• It divided the narrative into a sequence of scene

In designing the Basilica Ulpia for the Forum of Trajan, Apollodorus of Damascus drew upon ancient Egyptian traditions of the clerestory most likely because a clerestory provided

• an efficient way to illuminate the interior

• an open space that could accommodate large crowds

• tiered seating for spectators and scribes

• niches for the display of statues of the emperor

The sculpture of Apollo from the Temple of Minerva at Veii shows the greatest stylistic similarity to the

• Doryphoros

• Seated boxer

• Augustus of Prima Porta

• Anavysos Kouros

The use of over one million small tiles to make the Alexander Mosaic allowed its creator to

• Depict a disorganized scene that overwhelms the viewer

• Model the anatomy of the figures naturalistically

• Modify and transport the composition easily

• Reduce the figures into abstract form

The architect of the Pantheon in Rome sought to impress viewers by

• incorporating an unexpectedly large interior space

• requiring them to circumambulate the pronaos

• placing an enormous chryselephantine cult statue in the center

• restricting access to the cella through the use of a choir screen

Which of the following architectural innovations provided an enhanced religious experience for visitors walking through the Hypostyle Hall at the Temple of Amun-Re at Karnak?

• The clerestory, which allowed for the illumination of the central aisle

• The causeway, which provided an elevated space for approaching the ka statue

• The proscenium, which facilitated the performance of elaborate rituals

• The apse, which housed a cult statue of the sun god Amun-Re

The depiction of war on the Column of Trajan differs from earlier depictions, such as the one seen in the Alexander Mosaic, in that the narrative frieze on the Column of Trajan

• models the peaceful resolution that can be achieved through negotiation

• emphasizes the methodical power of imperial leadership

• avoids references to the gods to assert the strength of the army

• displays merciless violence against a weak and defeated enemy

The mortuary temple of Hatshepsut differs from the Great Pyramids at Giza in that the temple did not function as a

• monument to a ruler’s reign

• tomb for a deceased ruler

• symbol of political and religious power

• place for prayer and ritual

Which of the following techniques or materials allowed Roman architects to enclose large unobstructed interior spaces?

• The post-and-lintel system

• Corbeled stone vaults

• Concrete poured in molds

• Dried-brick pylon construction