AP BIO Evolution Pretest

Catastrophism, meaning the regular occurrence of geological or meteorological disturbances (catastrophes), was Cuvier's attempt to explain the existence of

• Evolution

• the fossil record

• natural selection

• uniformitarianism

Darwin's mechanism of natural selection required long time spans in order to modify species. From whom did Darwin get the concept of Earth's ancient age?

• Georges Cuvier

• Charles Lyell

• Alfred Wallace

• Thomas Malthus

Charles Darwin was the first person to propose

• that evolution occurs

• a mechanism for how evolution occurs.

• that the Earth is older than a few thousand years

• a mechanism for evolution that was supported by evidence.

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In Darwin's thinking, the more closely related two different organisms are, the

• more similar their habitats are

• less similar their DNA sequences are.

• more recently they shared a common ancestor.

• less likely they are to have the same genes in common.

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Which of these conditions should completely prevent the occurrence of natural selection in a population over time?

• All variation between individuals is due only to environmental factors.

• The environment is changing at a relatively slow rate

• The population size is large.

• The population lives in a habitat where there are no competing species present.

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Which of the following statements is an inference of natural selection?

• Subsequent generations of a population should have greater proportions of individuals that possess traits better suited for success.

• An individual organism undergoes evolution over the course of its lifetime.

• Habitats do not generally have unlimited resources.

• Natural populations tend to reproduce to their full biological potential.

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If two modern organisms are distantly related in an evolutionary sense, then one should expect that

• they live in very different habitats.

• they should share fewer homologous structures than two more closely related organisms.

• their chromosomes should be very similar.

• they shared a common ancestor relatively recently.

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Which of these evolutionary agents is most consistent at causing populations to become better suited to their environments over the course of generations?

• Mutation

• Non-random mating

• Gene flow

• Natural selection

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Over time, the movement of people on Earth has steadily increased. This has altered the course of human evolution by increasing

• non-random mating.

• geographic isolation

• genetic drift.

• gene flow.

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The average birth weight for human babies is about 3 kg. Which of the following terms best describes this?

• artificial selection

• directional selection

• stabilizing selection

• disruptive selection

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