Structure of the Earth 2019 Review

Four positions of Earth in its orbit are labeled A, B, C, and D. Letter N represents the North Pole. Distances are indicated for aphelion (Earth's farthest position from the Sun around July 4) and perihelion (Earth's closest position to the Sun around January 3). Arrows indicate directions of movement. During which season in the Northern Hemisphere is Earth at aphelion?

• Winter

• Summer

• Spring

• Fall

Between which pair of lettered positions is the Sun's vertical ray moving from the equator southward to the Tropic of Capricorn? **hint your ESRT has Tropic of Capricorn labelled**

• A and B

• B and C

• C and D

• D and A

Approximately how many times does Earth rotate as it moves in its orbit from position A back to position A?

• 1

• 15

• 24

• 365

What is the tilt of Earth's rotational axis relative to a line perpendicular to the plane of Earth's orbit?

• 15°

• 23.5°

• 66.5°

• 90°

The pie graph below shows the elements comprising Earth's crust in percent by mass. Which element is represented by the letter X?

• silicon

• lead

• nitrogen

• hydrogen

Which graph best represents the percentage by mass of elements of Earth's crust?

• 
• 
• 
• 

What is the approximate location of the Tasman Hot Spot in the Pacific Ocean?

• 36° N 160° W

• 36° S 160° E

• 160° N 36° W

• 160° S 36° E

Which event is caused by Earth's revolution?

• the apparent shift in the path of a Foucault pendulum

• deflection of planetary winds to the right in the Northern Hemisphere

• the apparent rising and setting of the Sun

• different constellations observed in the night sky throughout the year

The diagram shows twelve constellations (la constelación) that are visible in the night sky to an observer in New York, over the course of a year. Different positions of Earth are represented by letters A through D. The arrows represent the direction of Earth's motion around the Sun.

Which constellations are both visible at midnight to an observer in New York when Earth is located at position D?

• Aries and Taurus

• Pisces and Libra

• Leo and Virgo

• Aquarius and Scorpio

The constellations observed from New York when Earth is at position A are different from the constellations observed when Earth is at position C because..

• Earth moves in its orbit

• Earth is tilted on its axis

• the lengths of day and night are different

• the stars move around Earth as shown by star trails