Unit 4 Review

During the 1790s, what occurred as a result of the disagreements between Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton?

• the emergence of the first two political parties in the United States

• the organization of a convention to draft a new national constitution

• the establishment of the Supreme Court as the highest court in the United States

• the passage of an amendment to limit the number of terms a president could serve

[L]ive peaceable under the civil government, . . . nor shall he or she at any time be compelled to frequent or maintain any religious worship place or ministry whatever . . . that so we may live friendly together. . . . That the Indians shall have liberty to do all things to the improvement of their ground.

How did William Penn’s principles regarding his “holy experiment” colony affect those who chose to settle in Pennsylvania?

• Many citizens left the colony to find education for their children.

• The colony experienced minimal growth due to the religious intolerance of its leaders.

• American Indians and colonists often worshiped together.

• Penn′s approach made the colony diverse by attracting many types of people and religions.

"Weak leadership implies weak government. And weak government is but another phrase for bad governmnet."

Which idea is most strongly suggested by this statement?

• More people must be given the opportunity to participate in the operation of government

• The executive branch must be prevented from becoming too dictatorial

• The activities of political parties must be restricted

• The president must be given enough power to rule effectively

In April 1787, James Madison outlined some of the weaknesses that he believed existed in the political system of the United States at that time. Among those weaknesses, he described examples where states had refused to comply with constitutional requisitions, assumed responsibility in areas that were under federal authority, acted against the rights of other states, and failed to work with other states when it was in their common interest to do so.

What change occurred to address these weaknesses in the United States system of government?

• State governments were abolished.

• New states were added to the Union.

• The Constitution replaced the Articles of Confederation.

• The Supreme Court issued its ruling in Marbury v. Madison.

The decision in the Supreme Court case of Marbury v. Madison established the power of the courts to

• pass laws.

• enforce laws.

• interpret laws.

• revise laws.

. . . loans in times of public danger, especially from foreign war, are found an indispensable resource, even to the wealthiest of them [nations] . . . . it is equally evident, that to be able to borrow upon good terms, it is essential that the credit of a nation should be well established . . . . States, like individuals, who observe their engagements [honor their agreements], are respected and trusted: while the reverse is the fate of those, who pursue an opposite conduct.

—Alexander Hamilton, The First Report on Public Credit, 1790

This excerpt reflects Alexander Hamilton’s concern with what national issue?

• paying off the debt borrowed from other countries to finance the Revolution

• weighing the costs and benefits of creating a common currency for the country

• settling the debate over whether to raise tariffs to protect the domestic economy

• dealing with the economic consequences of British taxes imposed on the colonies

What was one major reason the Federalist-controlled Congress passed the Alien and Sedition Acts in 1798?

• to put in place immigration quotas

• to strengthen the powers of state legislatures

• to create procedures for processing immigrants coming to Ellis Island

• to limit the influence of the Democratic-Republican Party

How did President Thomas Jefferson overcome his doubts about the constitutionality of purchasing the Lousisana Territory?

• world military actions allowed him to proceed with actions that were originally denied to the President by the Constitution

• he decided that the guarantee of vast western land for American farmers outweighed constitutional principles

• his survey of the political landscape indicated that the action was crucial to his reelection hopes of 1804

• certain key provisions in the Pinckney Treaty were more broadly interpreted by Secretary of State James Madison, thus opening the door for land acquisition

• The war between France and Great Britain was disrupting the U.S. economy.

• An alliance treaty required the U.S. to support France against Great Britain.

• U.S. manufacturers exported most of their goods to France and Great Britain.

• The U.S. wanted to improve its trade relations with France and Great Britain.

ARTICLE II

His Catholic Majesty cedes to the United States, in full property and sovereignty, all the territories which belong to him, situated to the eastward of the Mississippi, known by the name of East and West Florida.

—Adams-Onis Treaty, 1819

The United States concluded this treaty with the same country that it concluded what earlier agreement?

• Jay’s Treaty

• Pinckney’s Treaty

• the Treaty of Ghent

• the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo