AP Bio Cell Structures

Which of the following statements concerning cells of bacteria and archaea is correct?

• Archaea contain small membrane-enclosed organelles; bacteria do not.

• DNA is present in both archaea and bacteria.

• DNA is present in the mitochondria of both bacteria and archaea.

• Archaea contain a membrane-bound nucleus; bacteria do not.

Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains?

• Bacteria and Protista

• Archaea and Protista

• Bacteria and Archaea

• Bacteria and Eukarya

Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules?

• proteins

• cellulose

• glycogen

• lipids

• nucleic acids

A cell with an abundance of free ribosomes is most likely

• producing primarily cytoplasmic proteins

• enlarging its vacuole.

• producing primarily proteins for secretion.

• producing primarily cell wall or extracellular matrix components

• producing primarily an abundance of new membranes.

Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins destined for export from the cell?

• lysosomes

• rough ER

• free cytoplasmic ribosomes

• Golgi vesicles

• smooth ER

The volume enclosed by the plasma membrane of plant cells is often much larger than the corresponding volume in animal cells. The most reasonable explanation for this observation is that

• plant cells are capable of having a much higher surface-to-volume ratio than animal cells

• plant cells contain a large vacuole that reduces the volume of the cytoplasm.

• plant cells have a much more highly convoluted (folded) plasma membrane than animal cells.

• animal cells are spherical, whereas plant cells are elongated.

The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and therefore abundant in liver cells?

• smooth ER

• lysosomes

• nuclear envelope

• Golgi apparatus

• rough ER

Which of the following statements correctly describes some aspect of protein secretion from prokaryotic cells?

• Prokaryotes are unlikely to be able to secrete proteins because they lack an endomembrane system.

• The mechanism of protein secretion in prokaryotes is probably the same as that in eukaryotes.

• In prokaryotes, the ribosomes that are used for the synthesis of secreted proteins are located outside of the cell.

• Proteins that are secreted by prokaryotes are synthesized on ribosomes that are bound to the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane.

Which type of organelle or structure is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids?

• ribosome

• mitochondrion

• lysosome

• smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following statements correctly describes a function of the Golgi apparatus?

• detoxification of toxins

• assembly of ribosomal subunits

• protein modification and sorting

• synthesis of cytoplasmic proteins