AP Bio Ch. 3: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

Monomers are linked into polymers by ____________, which involves the ________ of a water molecule.

• hydrolysis, addition

• hydrolysis, loss

• dehydration reaction, addition

• dehydration reaction, loss

Polymers are broken down to monomers by ________, which involves the ________ of a water molecule.

• hydrolysis, addition

• hydrolysis, loss

• dehydration reaction, addition

• dehydration reaction, loss

Carbon's valence of four most directly results from...

• its tetrahedral shape.

• its very slight electronegativity.

• its four electrons in the valence shell that can form four covalent bonds.

• its ability to form single, double, and triple bonds.

• its ability to form chains and rings of carbon atoms.

Hydrocarbons are not soluble in water because...

• they are hydrophilic.

• their C-H bonds are nonpolar.

• they do not ionize

• they store energy in the many C-H bonds along the carbon backbone.

• they are lighter than water.

The chemical group that can cause an organic molecule to act as a base is...

• -COOH

• -OH

• -SN

• -NH2

• -CH3

The chemical group that confers acidic properties to organic molecules is...

• -COOH

• -OH

• -SN

• -NH2

• -CH3

Polymerization is a process that...

• creates bonds between glucose monomers in the formation of a polypeptide.

• involves the addition of a water molecule.

• links the nitrogenous base of one nucleotide with the phosphate of the next.

• involves a dehydration reaction.

• may involve all of the above.

Which of the following statements is not true of a hexose?

• It may be found in nucleic acids.

• It can occur in a ring structure.

• It has the formula of C6H12O6

• It has one carbonyl group and five hydroxyl groups.

• It may be an aldehyde or a ketone sugar.

Which of the following statements is not true of cellulose?

• It is the most abundant organic compound on Earth.

• It differs from starch because of the configuration of glucose and the geometry of the glycosidic linkage.

• It may be hydrogen-bonded to neighboring cellulose molecules to form microfibrils.

• Few organisms have enzymes that hydrolyze its glycosidic linkages.

• Its monomers are glucose with nitrogen-containing appendages.

Plants store most of their energy for later use as...

• unsaturated fats.

• glycogen.

• starch.

• sucrose.

• cellulose.