Which of the following statements best explain the concept of material absorption?

• A loss mechanism related to the material composition and fabrication of fiber.

• A transmission loss for optical fibers.

• Results in attenuation of transmitted light.

• Causes of transfer of optical power.

How many mechanisms are there which causes absorption?

• 1

• 3

• 2

• 4

Absorption losses due to atomic defects mainly include-

• Radiation

• Missing molecules, oxygen defects in glass

• Impurities in fiber material

• Interaction with other components of core

The effects of intrinsic absorption can be minimized by-

• Ionization

• Radiation

• Suitable choice of core and cladding components

• Melting

Which of the following is not a metallic impurity found in glass in extrinsic absorption?

• Fe²⁺

• Fe³⁺

• Cu

• Si

Optical fibers suffer radiation losses at bends or curves on their paths. State true or false.

• True

• False

How the potential macro bending losses can be reduced in case of multimode fiber?

• By designing fibers with large relative refractive index differences

• By maintaining direction of propagation

• By reducing the bend

• By operating at larger wavelengths

Sharp bends or micro bends causes significant losses in fiber. State true or false

• True

• False

Rayleigh scattering and Mie scattering are the types of

• Linear scattering losses

• Non-linear scattering losses

• Fiber bends losses

• Splicing losses

Dominant intrinsic loss mechanism in low absorption window between ultraviolet and infrared absorption tails is

• Mie scattering

• Rayleigh scattering

• Stimulated Raman scattering

• Stimulated Brillouin scattering