Test #2

DNA is a spiral ladder shaped structure with the sides of the ladder representing which components?

• glucose molecules

• a pair of nitrogenous bases

• alternating sugars and phosphates

• alternating sugars and proteins

What is the relationship between genetic mutations and DNA?

• changes in the DNA lead to genetic mutations

• DNA and genetic mutations are not related

• changes in the ribosomes lead to a change in DNA

• DNA is dependent on genetic mutations to replicate

What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis?

• to clone chromosomes

• to cut DNA into fragments

• to inject recombinant DNA into cells

• to separate DNA fragments by size

When a cell divides by mitosis, what will be the genetic composition of the resulting two cells?

• they will be identical

• there will be major differences

• there will be minor differences

• they will have one half of the genes as the original

Which of the following represents the correct order for the cell cycle?

• interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

• cytokinesis, prophase, telophase, anaphase, metaphase, interphase

• prophase, telophase, metaphase, anaphase, interphase, cytokinesis

• metaphase, telophase, anaphase, interphase, cytokinesis, prophase

What would happen if DNA did not replicate itself?

• the organisms cells would rapidly multiply

• the organisms DNA would go through a mutation

• the organism would have half the DNA as its parents

• the organism would not be able to grow or reproduce

Why is it important that the two sides of DNA are held together by weak hydrogen bonds?

• it allows crossing over to happen during meiosis

• ribosomes are able to access the strand for protein production

• production of protein can occur using both sides of the DNA molecule at the same time

• it allows the strands to separate for replication so each is a template for a new strand

Sickle cell anemia is passed from parent to offspring. How did a change fro the normal red blood cell shape most likely originate?

• from parasitic infection

• from excessive exposure to sunlight

• from a mutation in the DNA of a gene

• from prolonged exposure to chemicals

Which genetic mutation can be passed from parent to offspring?

• a gamete containing an extra chromosome is formed

• excessive sun exposure causes uncontrolled mitosis in skin cells

• the DNA of a lung cell is damaged by exposure to cigarette smoke

• a cell of a reproductive organ contains a damaged chromosome

Which best explains the mechanism that allows for cell differentiation?

• cells can turn off and on their entire genome at will

• genes are activated and produce a specialized cell

• different fertilized cells fuse, producing specialized cells

• cells have different DNA, and this allows for cell differentiation