Cellular Respiration Review

an energy molecule used by the cell; three phosphate groups

• ADP

• ATP

• ETC

• NADH

Answer explanation

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the energy molecule used by cells, characterized by its three phosphate groups. ADP has only two phosphate groups, while ETC and NADH are involved in energy transfer and storage, not direct energy use.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

Amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1°C

• calorie

• gram

• kilogram

• Calorie (kilocalorie)

Answer explanation

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1°C is defined as a calorie. This is a fundamental unit of energy in thermodynamics, making 'calorie' the correct choice.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS3-4

the eukaryotic organelle that extracts energy from glucose in the form of electron carriers and ATP

• mitochondria

• chloroplast

• nucleus

• lysosome

Answer explanation

The mitochondria are the eukaryotic organelles responsible for extracting energy from glucose, producing ATP and electron carriers during cellular respiration, making them essential for energy metabolism.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

Innermost compartment of a mitochondrion

• matrix

• Krebs Cycle

• glycolysis

• fermentation

Answer explanation

The innermost compartment of a mitochondrion is called the matrix. It contains enzymes for the Krebs Cycle and is crucial for cellular respiration, distinguishing it from glycolysis and fermentation, which occur in the cytoplasm.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

“In air" or "With air”

• aerobic

• anaerobic

• fermentation

• glycolysis

Answer explanation

The term 'aerobic' refers to processes that occur in the presence of air (oxygen). In contrast, 'anaerobic' processes occur without air. Therefore, 'In air' or 'With air' correctly describes aerobic conditions.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

NGSS.HS-LS2-3

NGSS.HS-LS2-5

the process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen

• cellular respiration

• electron transport

• glycolysis

• photosynthesis

Answer explanation

Cellular respiration is the process that breaks down food molecules in the presence of oxygen to release energy. It involves glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain, making it the correct choice.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

the first step of cellular respiration, during which glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvic acid (pyruvate)

• glycolysis

• Krebs Cycle

• ETC

• fermentation

Answer explanation

The first step of cellular respiration is glycolysis, where glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvic acid. This process occurs in the cytoplasm and is essential for energy production.

Glycolysis occurs in the _____ of the cell.

• cytoplasm

• mitochondrial matrix

• mitochondrial inner membrane

• chloroplast

Answer explanation

Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose to produce energy, and it occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell, making 'cytoplasm' the correct answer.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

Glycolysis requires

• glucose

• ADP

• NAD⁺

• oxygen

Answer explanation

Glycolysis requires glucose as the primary substrate, ADP to generate ATP, and NAD+ as an electron carrier. Oxygen is not required for glycolysis, making glucose, ADP, and NAD+ the correct choices.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

Glycolysis produces

• ATP

• NADH

• pyruvate

• carbon dioxide (CO₂)

Answer explanation

Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH in the process. It does not produce carbon dioxide directly.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7