Age of Exploration and Expansion

In the Mayan, Aztec, and Inca civilizations, what was the main God they worshiped and used sacrifice in order to appease their God?

• wind

• sun

• fire

• earth

In order to support their populations, the Maya, Aztec, and Inca civilizations used the following:

• utilized slave labor to complete public works

• created unified empires

• developed unique farming practices

• practiced human sacrifice

A common factor between the Maya, Inca, and Aztec civilizations was:

• social classes (hierarchies)

• writing systems

• calendar

• conquering by Spanish conquistadors

The Native American population of Mexico in 1492 had been estimated at 25 million; the population in 1608 had been estimated at 1.7 million, This decrease in population was mainly a result of

• crop failures brought on by poor weather conditions

• emigration of Native American to Europe and Africa

• wars between various native groups

• diseases introduced by the Spanish

-Smallpox outbreak spreads throughout Mexico

-Many Incas convert to Christianity in ceremonies in Lima, Peru

-Spanish and Portuguese are introduced to chocolate, peanuts, tomatoes, and corn

-Cortes brings Aztec gold and silver treasures to Spain.

What is illustrated in these statements?

• empathy of Europeans for Native American Indian civilizations

• triangular trade and its effects on agrarian economies

• the relatively high cost of colonialism

• the impact of contact between different peoples

Which statement explains the long-term significance of the travels of Christopher Columbus?

• His interactions with the indigenous peoples served as a model for fair treatment of minorities

• His ships were the first to complete an around-the-world voyage and prove the earth was round

• His voyages started a vast cultural exchange between the two hemispheres

• His calculations of the distance between Europe and Asia became the basis for our modern maps

One reason the Spanish conquistadors were able to conquer the Aztec and Inca Empires rapidly is that

• these empires had no standing armies

• the Spanish had better weapons than the Aztecs and Incas did

• the Spanish greatly outnumbered the Aztecs and Incas

• the Aztecs and Incas joined together to fight the Spanish

The picture of the Spanish coming in and conquering the Aztecs showed what?

• The Aztec religion encouraged non violence

• The nations of Europe allied with the Spanish against Aztec rulers

• The conquistadors were defending their homeland

• Spanish technology was a major factor in the defeat of the Aztecs

What was a major cause for the shift in European trade from the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean during the late 1400s?

• Ottoman Turks seized control of Constantinople

• The Ming dynasty authorized Zheng He to make long-distance voyages

• The Tokugawa shogunate adopted an isolationist policy

• Christian crusaders captured Jerusalem

Which of these events during the Age of Exploration has a cause and effect relationship?

• Europeans brought food, animals, and ideas from one continent to another

• European diseases had an adverse effect on the native populations of new territories

• Warfare increased as European nations competed for land and power

• Advances in learning and technology made long ocean voyages possible