APUSH Per.4, Jefferson Era

“The Embargo, giving time to the belligerent powers to revise their unjust proceedings and to listen to the dictates of justice, of interest and reputation, which equally urge the correction of their wrongs, has availed our country of the only honorable expedient for avoiding war: and should a repeal of these Edicts supersede the cause for it, our commercial brethren will become sensible that it has consulted their interests, however against their own will. It will be unfortunate for their country if, in the mean time, these, their expressions of impatience, should have the effect of prolonging the very suffering which have produced them, by exciting a fallacious hope that we may, under any pressure, relinquish our equal right of navigating the ocean, go to such ports only as others may prescribe, and there pay the tributary exactions they may impose. . .” --Source: Thomas Jefferson, in a broadside signed to Eliot Brown, Jr., UH digital history, 1808

Which of the following groups would have been most likely to support Jefferson’s views expressed in this excerpt?

• farmers in the South

• the Democratic-Republicans

• merchants in the North

• the Federalists

The image most directly illustrates a United States foreign policy that emphasized which of the following?

• Prohibited new immigrants the right to vote

• Regulated the number of goods merchants could send to the British and the French

• Banned all American ships from sailing to foreign ports for trade

• Limited European colonization in the Western Hemisphere

“So if a law be in opposition to the constitution; if both the law and the constitution apply to a particular case, so that the court must either decide that case conformably to the law, disregarding the constitution; or conformably to the constitution, disregarding the law; the court must determine which of these conflicting rules governs the case. This is of the very essence of judicial duty.”

“If, then, the courts are to regard the constitution, and the constitution is superior to any ordinary act of the legislature, the constitution, and not such ordinary act, must govern the case to which they both apply.”–Source: John Marshall, Opinion of the Court in Marbury v. Madison, 1803

Which of the following statements best summarizes Marshall’s argument about the Supreme Court?

• It should judge whether a law is constitutional.

• It should judge whether both a law and the Constitution apply to a case.

• It should judge whether the law or the Constitution ought to determine a case.

• It should judge ordinary acts as equal to the Constitution.

Which of the following historical events had a significant impact on the geographical region shown on the map above?

• the Missouri Compromise of 1820

• the War of 1812

• the Mexican-American War

• the Nullification Crisis of 1832

During Thomas Jefferson’s presidency, which event challenged his strict constructionist philosophy?

• the Judiciary Act of 1801

• the Embargo Act of 1807

• the Lewis and Clark Expedition

• the Louisiana Purchase

“It is emphatically the province and duty of the judicial department to say what the law is. . . .” — Marbury v. Madison, 1803

This statement expresses the Supreme Court’s claim that

• courts must abide by a strict interpretation of the Constitution

• federal laws must be approved by the courts before they can take effect

• the power of judicial review belongs to the courts

• the judicial branch must have a role in the amendment process

“You have secured to us the free navigation of the Mississippi. You have procured an immense and fertile country: and all these great blessings are obtained without bloodshed.”

This quotation refers to

• the Louisiana Purchase

• gains from the Black Hawk War

• the loss of British forts in the West

• the annexation of Texas

In the War of 1812 the United States:

• fought France for control of the Louisiana Territory

• gained Florida from the Spanish

• fought Mexico for territory in the Southwest

• responded to England’s attempts to restrict US trade in Europe

The Mississippi River system was an important economic resource during the first half of the 1800s because it was used to

• irrigate desert lands

• transport farm goods to market

• move immigrants to the Northeast

• produce hydroelectric power

The Lewis and Clark expedition of 1804 to 1806 gave the United States a claim to what lands?

• Land Ordinance of 1787

• Gadsden Purchase

• Louisiana Purchase

• Oregon Territory