AP Bio Test Review

Generally, animals build an organism using the diploid number of chromosomes. However, insects in the order of ants, wasps and bees can use a haploid-diploid system where adults of one sex are formed with a haploid number of chromosomes. This would mean that

• a single set of chromosomes is sufficient to code for a functional individual

• a female could determine the sex of the offspring by fertilizing or not fertilizing an egg

• the males and females are not equally "related" to their mothers considering the proportion of genes held in common

• All of the choices are true

• this system in no way differs from regular diploid organisms

Tags

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Apoptosis

• is programmed cell death

• is a process that acts to decrease the number of somatic cells

• frees the fingers and toes of the human embryo from their ‘webbed' structure to independent structures

• All of the choices are correct

Angiogenesis

• is the growth of blood vessels into the tumor

• is directed by additional mutations in tumor cells

• brings nutrients and oxygen to a tumor

• all of the above

• none of the above

What is the result of a cell not meeting the criteria to pass the G₁ checkpoint?

• The cell cycle halts

• The cell may enter the G₀ stage

• The cell may undergo apoptosis

• All of the above

• None of the above

If a parent cell has 48 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after mitosis and cytokinesis occurs?

• 96 chromosomes

• 48 chromosomes

• 12 chromosomes

• 24 chromosomes

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Generally, complex organisms do require more genes to control their synthesis and organization than do primitive organisms. However, the numbers of chromosomes vary from ants with 2, molds with 8-14, humans with 46, potatoes with 100 and the crayfish with 200! Some birds and insects have chromosomes that dwindle in size into obscurity, so it is not possible to establish a diploid number. How do you explain this situation?

• there must be no relationship between amount of genetic information and complexity of the organism

• the number of genes per chromosome may vary among organisms, preventing a simple relationship between chromosome number and complexity.

• birds and insects probably cannot follow the same mitotic laws as other organisms.

• All of the choices are correct.

Binary fission in bacteria differs from mitosis because

• the chromosome copies attach to the plasma membrane and are pulled apart by cell growth

• the chromosome is a simple DNA strand without complex proteins and no spindle forms

• there is no nuclear membrane to break down and rebuild

• All of the choices are correct

• None of the choices are correct

The haploid (n) number of chromosomes for a human being is

• 46

• 24

• 48

• 44

• 23

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The function of mitosis is:

• growth of the organism and tissue repair

• to ensure that each new cell receives a complete set of genetic information

• asexual reproduction in some species

• All of the choices are correct

Tags

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Which represents the correct sequence of stages in the cell cycle?

• G₁, G₂, S, M

• G₁, S, G₂, M

• G₁, G₂, M, S

• G₁, M, G₂, S