Birth of Modern Astronomy

_______ was the first to use a telescope to observe the heavens.

• Newton

• Kepler

• Copernicus

• Galileo

There are _____ large moons of Jupiter that were discovered using a telescope.

• three

• four

• two

• eight

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-2

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Galileo also discovered that the Moon had

• what he thought were oceans (or maria).

• active volcanoes.

• mountains.

• ice.

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-1

The combined discoveries of Galileo (using his telescope) provided direct evidence for

• the geocentric model.

• the Copernican model of the Universe.

• Earth being a sphere.

• the Ptolemaic model of the Universe

Why did Galileo receive so much criticism for his published observations & studies?

• the observations made were crude due to technological limits

• his data was not accurate

• the findings were published in Latin & no one could read it

• his findings went against the strict church teachings

What happened to Galileo after he published his findings in 1633?

• not much

• he was placed under house arrest

• he made a fortune and retired back to Pisa, Italy

• he was tried by the Inquisition and found guilty of heresy

What was Tycho Brahe's main contribution to astronomy?

• his extremely detailed observations of the planets

• his artificial brass/silver nose

• the hiring of Johannes Kepler

• his death in front of Johannes Kepler

What was Johannes Kepler's role with Tycho Brahe?

• Kepler was hired to make mathematical sense of the data

• the role was limited to meetings and social gatherings

• they were just math buddies

• Kepler was an adviser to Brahe

After Kepler inherited Brahe's planetary orbital data, he spent over seven years _______.

• reviewing and correcting

• trying to forget the whole thing

• mathematically crunching the data resulting in Kepler's laws

• eventually proving that Brahe was only half-right

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Kepler's first law states that all planets orbit the Sun

• in a clock-wise direction.

• in very specific orbits.

• at regular intervals based on the planet's mass.

• in an ellipse (stretched out circle).

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