US History to 1877 Unit 4 Exam Review

We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union . . . —Preamble of the U.S. Constitution

Which constitutional principle is exemplified by the quote?

• Federalism

• Republicanism

• Limited government

• Popular sovereignty

To the People of the State of New York:A FIRM Union will be of the utmost moment to the peace and liberty of the States, as a barrier against domestic faction and insurrection. It is impossible to read the history of the petty republics of Greece and Italy without feeling sensations of horror and disgust at the distractions with which they were continually agitated, and at the rapid succession of revolutions by which they were kept in a state of perpetual vibration between the extremes of tyranny and anarchy. If they exhibit occasional calms, these only serve as short-lived contrast to the furious storms that are to succeed. — Alexander Hamilton, Federalist No. 9, November 21, 1787

In the excerpt Hamilton argues for a strong union in order to —

• protect individual rights

• promote a larger economy

• create a power military alliance

• avoid conflicts between the states

Article. I.Section. 1.All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives . . . Article. II.Section. 1.The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with the Vice President, chosen for the same Term, be elected, as follows . . . Article III.Section. 1.The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour, and shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services, a Compensation, which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office.

These articles found in the U.S. Constitution illustrate the constitutional principle of —

• Federalism

• Individual rights

• Popular sovereignty

• Separation of powers

For quartering large Bodies of Armed Troops among us: — Declaration of Independence,1776

The grievance described in the excerpt is addressed in the U.S. Constitution by the —

• First Amendment

• Second Amendment

• Third Amendment

• Sixth Amendment

For depriving us, in many Cases, of the Benefits of Trial by Jury. —Declaration of Independence,1776

The grievance described in the excerpt is addressed in the U.S. Constitution by the —

• First Amendment

• Third Amendment

• Fourth Amendment

• Sixth Amendment

A people deliberating in a temperate moment, and with the experience of other nations before them, on the plan of Government, most likely to secure their happiness, would first be aware, that those charged with the public happiness, might betray their trust. An obvious precaution against this danger would be to divide the trust between different bodies of men, who might watch and check each other. — James Madison, Constitutional Convention debate, June 26, 1787

How were the concerns expressed by Madison in the excerpt eventually addressed by the Constitution?

• The Constitution established term limits on representatives.

• The Constitution created a republican system of government.

• The Constitution included a defined set of rights and liberties.

• The Constitution divided power into separate branches.

No freeman shall be taken, imprisoned, disseised, outlawed, banished, or in any way destroyed, nor will We proceed against or prosecute him, except by the lawful judgment of his peers or by the law of the land. . . . To no one will We sell, to no one will We deny or delay, right or justice. —Magna Carta, 1215

These ideas expressed in the Magna Carta influenced the Founding Fathers to —

• pass laws outlawing the practice of enslaving people

• provide legal protections for those accused of crimes

• establish three branches of government to check each other

• create a supreme court to review the laws passed by the legislature

There is no Declaration of Rights, and the laws of the general government being paramount to the laws and constitution of the several States, the Declarations of Rights in the separate States are no security. Nor are the people secured even in the enjoyment of the benefit of the common law. . . . There is no declaration of any kind, for preserving the liberty of the press, or the trial by jury in civil causes; nor against the danger of standing armies in time of peace. — Objections to the Constitution, September 1787

Who is the likely author of the excerpt?

• Alexander Hamilton

• Thomas Jefferson

• Benjamin Franklin

• George Mason

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. . .

— First Amendment, U.S. Constitution

In what way has the excerpt most influenced the lives of Americans?

• Americans are assured that they may worship as they please.

• Religious private schools are popular institutions in America.

• Businesses in America generally close to observe Sabbath days.

• Respecting religious holidays are a part of American cultural practices.

For quartering large Bodies of Armed Troops among us: —Declaration of Independence, 1776

How was this colonial grievance addressed in the U.S. Constitution?

• By writing the Preamble

• By adopting the Third Amendment

• By creating three branches of government

• By establishing a system based on federalism