Sleep and Dreams 2021

During a normal nights sleep, how many times do we pass through the different stages of sleep?

• 2
• 2-3
• 4-7
• 8-11

Activation-synthesis theory tries to explain 

• how consciousness emerges out of neural firings.
• how psychoactive drugs create euphoric effects. 
• the origin and function of dreams.
• how our mind awakens us after we pass through all the sleep stages.

Which of the following two sleep disorders occur most commonly?

• insomnia and narcolepsy
• apnea and narcolepsy
• apnea and insomnia 
• night terrors and apnea

Night terrors and somnambulism usually occur during which stage of sleep?

• stage 1, close to wakefulness

• REM sleep

• stage 3

• stage 2

The information-processing theory says that dreams

• are meaningless by-products of how our brains process information during REM sleep.
• are symbolic representations of the information we encode during the day. 
• are processed by one level of consciousness but other levels remain unaware of the dreams. 
• occur during REM sleep as the brain deals with daily stress and events. 

a hormone released by the pineal gland that increase feelings of relaxation and tiredness

• stimulant

• melatonin

• neuron

• tryptophan

According to Freud, our dreams have an underlying meaning. What is this underlying meaning called?

• Latent Content

• Manifest Content

• Dream Activation

• Information Processing

• Synthesis Theory

A machine that allows scientists to record the brain-wave activity as a person passes through the various stages of sleep and to determine what type of sleep the person has entered.

• Electroencephalography (EEG)

• Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan

• Computed Tomography (CT or CAT) Scan

• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

• Functional MRI (fMRI)

The sleep-wake cycle.

• Circadian Rhythm

• Sleep Deprivation

• Microsleep

• Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep

Sleep apnea causes frequent interruptions of what?

• Breathing

• Dreaming

• Eating

• Memory