Science Unit 6: Geologic Processes

The different layers formed on Earth are due to the differences in _____ of the materials.

• Volume

• Climate

• Density

• Mass

This table lists Earth’s layers and their approximate maximum temperatures. Which hypothesis could you develop from the data in the table?

• The temperature of the crust is 1,480°C.

• The temperature of the crust is much hotter than the temperature of the core or the mantle.

• As the pressure increases, temperature decreases.

• If you go deeper into Earth, the temperature increases.

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Which layer best represents the mantle? *

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

How were scientists able to develop a model of Earth's interior?

• seismic waves

• submarines

• drilling

• faults

Areas along tectonic plate edges are usually prone to volcanic eruptions. Areas like this in the ocean can develop large islands during volcanic activity. Out of which rock are these islands most likely formed?

• igneous rock, formed when sediments from volcanic eruptions collect and cement into layers

• igneous rock, formed when liquid magma erupts onto Earth's surface where it cools and hardens

• metamorphic rock, formed when sediments from volcanic eruptions collect and cement into layers

• metamorphic rock, formed when liquid magma creates high temperatures and pressures on Earth's surface

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The picture shows a simple model of the rock cycle. What drives the transformation at point 4?

• weathering and erosion

• high temperatures and melting

• cooling and hardening

• pressure and compacting

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What process does the diagram illustrate?

• warmer lava sinking and cooler lava rising

• warmer lava rising and cooler lava sinking

• warmer magma sinking and cooler magma rising

• warmer magma rising and cooler magma sinking

Of the choices below, what does the ocean, wind and mantle all have in common?

• conduction

• convection

• radiation

• weather

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Sediments in sedimentary rocks are often ____.

• held together with natural cements

• formed when lava erupts from a volcano

• formed by magma trapped below Earth's surface

• formed when atoms of melted minerals rearrange themselves

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Igneous rock is transformed to metamorphic rock by which processes?

• compaction and cementation

• cooling and melting

• erosion and weathering

• heat and pressure