Biological Molecules and Enzymes

How is it possible that plants can express firefly genes?

• Plants have the recessive firefly genes in their DNA.

• Diverse forms of life share a common genetic code

• The genetic code for the fluorescent plant protein is a mutation

• Proteins are engineered into genes in the DNA of other organisms.

All organisms contain DNA and RNA. What are the subunits of DNA and RNA?

• simple sugars

• amino acids

• carbohydrates

• nucleotides

Fats are specialized lipid molecules, and enzymes are specialized protein molecules. How do the functions of fats and enzymes differ?

• Fats are structural building materials, while enzymes are transportation molecules.

• Fats provide support for cells, while enzymes lower the pH of gastric fluids.

• Fats regulate body functions, while enzymes denature invasive bacteria.

• Fats are storage molecules, while enzymes are catalytic molecules.

The enzyme pepsin is secreted in the stomach where it helps in digestion. Which of these demonstrates the importance of pepsin activity in the stomach?

• Pepsin is used to split food proteins into smaller molecules.

• Pepsin is used in the preparation of cheese.

• Pepsin is stored in pepsinogen.

• Pepsin is found in the larynx.

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The directions for making a protein

• result in DNA.

• are carried by DNA.

• result in amino acids.

• are carried by amino acids.

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Which type of substances serves as a catalyst for reactions that break large food molecules into smaller useful molecules?

• enzymes

• vitamins

• lipids

• nucleotides

How are the functions of a carbohydrate and a lipid similar?

• Both are a source of energy.

• Both are replicated during meiosis.

• Both lower the activation energy of reactions.

• Both dissolve nutrients in the digestive system

Which type of molecules combine to make up the protein portion of hemoglobin?

• fatty acids

• amino acids

• monosaccharides

• polysaccharides

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Choose the correct sequence of terms to fill in this sentence correctly:

_______ are subunits of _______, which code for the next _______ in a sequence that makes up _______.

• Amino acids, proteins, nucleotide, a DNA molecule

• DNA molecules, nucleotides, protein, an amino acid

• Nucleotides, DNA molecules, amino acid, a protein

• Proteins, amino acids, DNA molecule, a nucleotide

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Proteins are compounds formed in the cells of plants and animals. Which element is included in every protein molecule?

• calcium

• carbon

• fluorine

• sodium

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