L.18.9 Cell Respiration and Photosynthesis

How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis related, in terms of energy?

• The energy captured in photosynthesis is used to power cellular respiration.

• The energy transformed in cellular respiration is used to power photosynthesis.

• Photosynthesis and respiration perform the same task in terms of energy transformation.

• Energy is not involved in either photosynthesis or cellular respiration.

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Two different species of bacteria are examined. Scientists find that species X always produces CO₂ and H₂O during cellular respiration. Species Y always produces ethyl alcohol and CO₂. Which conclusion can be made from these observations?

• Only species Y is aerobic

• Only species Y is anaerobic.

• Both species X and Y are aerobic.

• Both species X and Y are anaerobic

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The diagram shows the structure of adenosine diphosphate (ADP). What describes the conversion of ADP to ATP (adenosine triphosphate)?

• an input of energy as both phosphate groups detach

• a release of energy as one phosphate group detaches

• a release of energy as a third phosphate group is attached

• an input of energy to attach a third phosphate group

Mariana eats an orange. Which statement describes the ultimate source of the energy that her body receives when she digests the orange?

• Organic matter, rich soil in which the orange tree grows, and adequate water all work together to generate the energy that can be derived from the orange.

• The light energy that originates from the sun provides the energy to grow oranges, which contain macromolecules.

• The orange tree obtains energy from the nitrogen compounds and other compounds in fertilizer.

• The orange contains the energy-rich nutrients that it draws from the soil.

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If the xylem of a young tree is damaged, which process is first affected?

• performing photosynthesis

• transporting sugar to the roots

• transporting carbon dioxide to the leaves

• absorbing water from the soil

1. The diagram below shows a cross section of a plant leaf. How does the structure marked X contribute to the survival of the plant?

• It allows the intake of gases necessary for photosynthesis.

• It allows the intake of minerals necessary for plant growth.

• It allows the intake of sunlight necessary for ATP production.

• It allows the intake of sugars necessary for plant reproduction.

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The diagram below represents a flower, the reproductive structure of some plants. Most flowers have both male and female structures for fertilization and reproduction. In an experiment, Marlene removes structure B (the anther) from the flower. What best describes the ability of the flower to form seeds?

• The flower cannot form seeds because it cannot be pollinated.

• The flower cannot form seeds because it cannot produce the male gametophyte.

• The flower may form seeds because the stigma can produce pollen.

• The flower may form seeds if it receives pollen made by another flower.