Cellular Communication

What do second messengers do?

• transport a signal through the lipid bilayer

• relay a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell

• relay message from the inside of the mebrane throughout the cytoplasm

• dampen the message

An example of DIRECT cell communication is:

• White blood cells bumping into each other sharing antigen info

• Neurons communicating across a synapse

• Hormones traveling through the blood stream to target tissues

An example of endocrine cell communication is:

• White blood cells bumping into each other sharing antigen info

• Neurons communicating across a synapse

• Hormones traveling through the blood stream to target tissues

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

The 3 steps of signal transduction in order are

• reception, transduction, response
• response, transduction, reception
• reception, response, transduction
• transduction, reception, response

This is an example of

• paracrine signaling
• synaptic signaling
• long-distance signaling
• all of the above

What is being depicted in the image?

• Amplification of the signal molecule

• Enzymatic proteins inhibiting process of the signal transduction pathway

• Kinase groups adding dimer groups to other enzymes

• Diffusion of molecules within the cell due to the signaling molecule

Ligands are signaling molecules that bind to receptors. Which of the following statements is true of ligands?

• All ligands are proteins.

• Each ligand is only able to bind to one specific receptor

• Ligands can bind to cell-surface receptors, but they cannot enter the cell

• Ligands bond to receptor proteins and cause the protein to relay a message to intracellular proteins.

Which letter represents the cell surface receptor protein?

• A

• B

• C

• D

• E

Which of the following correctly describes the reception stage of this signal transduction pathway?

• epinephrine binds to a g-protein coupled receptor protein present in the cell membrane
• the g protein changes shape, is activated, activates adenyl cyclase, which activates cAMP, which activates protein kinases
• protein kinases phosphoylate molecules
• glycogen synthesis is inhibited and glycogen breakdown is promoted

Which of the following correctly describes the transduction stage of this signal transduction pathway?

• epinephrine binds to a g-protein coupled receptor protein present in the cell membrane
• the g protein changes shape, is activated, activates adenyl cyclase, which activates cAMP, which activates protein kinases
• cAMP binds to the g-protein coupled receptor protein
• glycogen synthesis is inhibited and glycogen breakdown is promoted