Young-Cardiac Quiz

A patient with a history of coronary artery disease is being treated for a myocardial infarction (MI). During treatment, acute mitral valve regurgitation occurs. What is the most likely cause of the acute mitral valve dysfunction?

• Infective endocarditis

• Rupture of chordae tendinae

• Atherosclerosis

• Increased preload

Which of the following conditions occurs most commonly with cardiomyopathies?

• Pericardial effusion

• Heart failure

• Diabetes

• Myocardial infarction

A 82 year old client presents to the emergency room with dizziness, weakness, and palpitations. His heart rate is 152. The nurse demonstrates an understanding of EKG changes that occur in the elderly when she makes what correct statement about the client’s condition?

• Ventricular fibrillation is a common arrhythmia in older patients.

• It is normal for an aging heart to go into complete heart block.

• Atrial fibrillation is a common dysrhythmia in older patients.

• Sinus bradycardia can occur due to decreased baroreceptor reactivity.

Upon physical assessment of a patient diagnosed with pericarditis, the nurse anticipates what type of heart sound?

• Pericardial friction rub

• Diastolic murmur

• S3 or S4

• Pleural friction rub

A nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with bacterial endocarditis and assessment reveals nontender hemorrhagic macules found on the palms and soles. What are these abnormalities known as?

• Osler nodes

• Roth spots

• Splinter hemorrhages

• Janeway lesions

A patient with carotid artery disease is at high risk for what complication?

• Bradycardia

• Stroke

• Hypertension

• Neck pain

Which statement from the nurse demonstrates understanding about mitral valve regurgitation?

• MV regurgitation causes blood to back up into the right atrium

• MV regurgitation causes an increased cardiac output

• MV regurgitation causes a narrowing in the valve opening

• MV regurgitation causes blood to back up into the left atrium

A 53-year-old patient with heart failure and type 2 diabetes asks the nurse whether heart transplant is a possible therapy. He is currently on maximum medical therapy. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?

• "Because you have diabetes, you would not be a candidate for a heart transplant."

• "Deciding transplant eligibility depends on many different factors."

• "Your heart failure has not reached the stage in which heart transplants are needed."

• "People who have heart transplants are at risk for multiple complications after surgery."