Monasteries were headed by

• abbots

• abbesses

• nobles

• administrators

In 1073, Pope Gregory VII issued a decree forbidding kings from appointing high-ranking

• church officials

• military leaders

• political officials

• trade leaders

Between AD 800 and 900, parts of Europe were invaded by Muslims, Magyars, and

• Vikings

• Vandals

• Finns

• Gauls

Charlemagne was the first Frankish ruler to believe in what for all people?

• education

• equality

• freedom

• religion

Which group was a Germanic people who settled the area known today as France?

• Angles

• Celts

• Franks

• Saxons

Europe's seas and rivers played an important part in Europe's growth because they provided both protection and opportunities for

• invading other lands

• combining kingdoms

• trading with nearby economies

• converting distant groups to Catholicism

What does it mean to exclude a person from church membership?

• concordant

• missionary

• excommunicate

• banish

People who are sent by a religious organization to spread the faith are called

• concordant

• missionary

• theocratic messengers

• pope

The son of Pepin and also known as Charles the Great, he was made Roman emperor on Christmas Day

• Charles Martel

• Clovis

• Otto I

• Charlemagne

Mayor of the palace who halted the spread of Islam into Europe

• Charles Martel

• Charlemagne

• Clovis

• Otto I