Unit 7: Learning

A particular group of brain cells seems to provide a basis for observational learning. Researchers call these specialized cells...

• Efferent neurons

• Afferent neurons

• Mirror neurons

• Motor neurons

• Schwann cells

Learned helplessness is most likely to result when....

• Responses have no effect on the environment

• Young organisms fail to imprint at the critical period

• A response is reinforced independently

• Reinforcement occurs on an intermittent schedule

• An organism receives negative reinforcement

After seeing her parents give her brother a dollar for cleaning his room, Sarah begins cleaning her own room. What would a social-learning theorist say is occurring?

• Classical conditioning

• Spontaneous recovery

• Stimulus generalization

• Discrimination training

• Observational learning

BF Skinner's claim that the environment determines an individual's behavior was criticized for...

• failing to explain how personality changes over time

• Failing to acknowledge cognitive influences on behavior

• Failing to acknowledge situational factors

• Attributing behavior solely to genetics

• Emphasizing unconscious influences on behavior

A person who is fearful of rattlesnakes but not garden snakes is exhibiting...

• Response learning

• Discrimination learning

• Insight learning

• Extinction

• Generalization

In a classic study, a group of rats learned to run through a maze to obtain food, and another group of rats explored the maze without receiving good. Some time later, the researcher compared the two groups of rats to determine if both groups would find the food at the end of the maze. According to the researcher, the untrained rats found the food at the end of the maze as quickly as the trained rats as a result of

• latent learning

• observational learning

• avoidance learning

• counter-conditioning

• aversive conditioning

Edward Thorndike argued that responses that lead to satisfying outcomes are more likely to be repeated, and that responses followed by unpleasant outcomes are less likely to be repeated. This became known as the Law of...

• Reinforcement

• Associations

• Punishment

• Effect

• Outcomes

Which of the following is a type of therapy for alcoholism that involves the administration of a drug that will induce nausea after a person consumes alcohol?

• Aversion

• Implosive

• Flooding

• Instrumental

• Rational-Emotive Behavioral

Which classic study forms the basis for social (observational) learning?

• Ivan Pavlov's salivating dogs

• BF Skinner's key pecking pigeons

• John Garcia's nauseous rats

• John Watson's Little Albert

• Albert Bandura's Bobo Doll

the terms "modeling" and "imitation" are most closely associated with...

• Classical Conditioning

• Gestalt Theory

• Hypothesis Testing

• Operant Conditioning

• Social Learning Theory