2025-26 Standard 1 Study Guide-Updated Jan 26

Which colonial region relied most on shipbuilding and commerce due to rocky soil and deep harbors?

• Middle colonies with grain-based farming

• Backcountry frontier with subsistence farms

• New England colonies with maritime trade

• Southern colonies with plantation agriculture

In Puritan New England, how did the church influence governance in towns?

• Clergy appointed royal governors directly

• Vestry councils collected imperial customs duties

• Town meetings reflected religious community values

• Church leaders enforced Spanish legal codes

Which export best matched the Southern colonies’ economy in the 1700s?

• Cod and whale oil

• Fur pelts

• Tobacco and rice

• Iron tools

The Mayflower Compact is best described as which type of document?

• Tax schedule regulating colonial duties

• Treaty with nearby Native nations

• Social contract establishing representative-based self-government

• Royal charter granting monopoly rights

What British response followed the Boston Tea Party and targeted Massachusetts?

• Declaratory Act increasing jury protections

• Quebec Act expanding self-government

• Intolerable Acts restricting local autonomy (power)

• Navigation Acts lowering trade barriers

Colonists protested British taxes most fiercely on which goods associated with daily use?

• Horses, wagons, and saddles

• Tea, paper, and legal documents

• Luxury silks and fine porcelain

• Window glass and lead paints

Thomas Paine’s Common Sense most directly encouraged colonists to support which action?

• Negotiating a new royal charter

• Declaring independence from Britain

• Paying taxes for imperial defense

• Petitioning Parliament for seats

Which Enlightenment ideal emphasized reason, individual rights, and limited government?

• Divine right of hereditary kings

• Feudal obligations and serfdom

• Mercantilism and imperial monopolies

• Natural rights and social contract

Which statement best defines the rule of law?

• Majority votes override legal protections

• Military commanders make civil decisions

• All people are subject to following the law

• Leaders act above statutes when necessary

Shays’ Rebellion exposed concerns about national power by illustrating what weakness?

• Federal courts overruled local juries

• Articles of Confederation lacked authority

• Congress taxed trade excessively

• State militias were too dominant